Diagnostic Final: Liver Function Tests

Front 1

what is another name for AST (aspartate transaminase)?

-SGOT
-SGPT
-ALT

Back 1

SGOT

Front 2

what has the highest activity found in the hepatocytes?

-ALT
-AST
-SGOT
-SGPT

Back 2

ALT

Front 3

what is another name for ALT (alanine transaminase)?

-AST
-SGOT
-SGPT

Back 3

SGPT

Front 4

where is AST found?

-intermitochondrial
-extramitochondrial
-both
-neither

Back 4

both

Front 5

cytoplasmic AST has a 1/2 life of __ hours, mitochondrial AST has a half life of __ hours.

Back 5

cytoplasmic 17 hours
mitochondrial 87 hours

Front 6

where in the body is AST found?

Back 6

throughout the body, highest activity in the liver

Front 7

where is the highest activity of ALT?

Back 7

hepatocytes also

Front 8

is ALT cytoplasmic, mitochondrial or both?

Back 8

completely extramitochondrial, found mainly in the liver, and then the kidney's

Front 9

__ is necesary for synthesis and enzymatic activity?

-B6
-B12
-beta carotene

Back 9

B6

Front 10

with most forms of hepatocellular injury, such as hepatitis, which will be higher and why?

-ast
-alt

Back 10

ast will be higher due to higher ast activity in hepatocytes

Front 11

after 24-48 hours of ongoing liver damage, which will be/remain higher?

-alt
-ast

Back 11

alt will come higher based on its longer 1/2 life

Front 12

alcohol induces __ damage.

-cytoplasm
-mitochondrial

Back 12

mitochondrial damage

Front 13

if alcohol damage induces the breakdown of the mitochondrial __ . giving an ast/alt ratio of what?

Back 13

AST

3-4/1

Front 14

in chronic hepatocyte injury such as cirrhosis...which is higher?

-ast
-alt

Back 14

alt-initially

Front 15

as liver fibrosis sets in from alcoholic cirrhosis/fibrosis which is higher and why?

-ast
-alt

Back 15

as fibrosis progresses alt activities decling and the ratio of ast to alt gradually increases so that by the time cirrhosis is present , ast is higher than alt

Front 16

what is the normal range for ast and alt?

Back 16

<40

Front 17

__ is more specific for detecting liver disease in nonalcoholic, asymptomatic pts.

alt
ast

Back 17

alt

Front 18

mild elevations of alt can be seen in what condition?

-hepatitis C
-hepatitis B
-hepatitis G

Back 18

hep C

Front 19

__ is used for monitoring therapy with potentially hepatotoxic drugs; over 3 times normal means stop the drug.

alt
ast

Back 19

ast

Front 20

large increases in LD are usually associated with __ __ __ of the liver.

Back 20

space occupying lesions

Front 21

__ catalyzes the reversible oxidation of lactate to pyruvate.

-AST
-ALT
-LD

Back 21

LD

Front 22

what is the upper reference level of LD?

-75 IU/L
-100 IU/L
-150 IU/L

Back 22

150 IU/L

Front 23

there are __ isoenzymes of LD?

-8
-7
-6
-5

Back 23

5

names L1-L5

Front 24

what are the 2 LD isoenzymes that predominate in the heart, kidney, and erythrocyte?

-L5 & L4
-L3 & L2
-L2 & L1

Back 24

L2 and L1

Front 25

which LD isoenzymes predominate in the liver and skeletal muscle?

-L5 & L4
-L4 & L3
-L3 & L2

Back 25

L4 and L5

Front 26

ALP stands for ?

Back 26

alkaline phosphatase

Front 27

what does LD stand for?

Back 27

lactate dehydrogenase

Front 28

__ is present in a number of tissures including liver, bone, kidney, intestine, and placenta.

Back 28

ALP

Front 29

what is the 1/2 life of ALP in the liver?

-5 days
-3 days
-1 day
12 hours

Back 29

3 days-about

Front 30

where is ALP found in the liver?

Back 30

on the canalicular surface and is therefore a marker for biliary dysfcn

Front 31

The bulk of ALP in the serum is made up of liver and __ ALP.

-kidney
-bone
-blood

Back 31

bone

Front 32

The bulk of ALP in the serum is made up of liver and __ ALP.

-kidney
-bone
-blood

Back 32

bone

Front 33

Obstruction and inflammation of the biliary tract causes biliary tract __ to rise due to increased synthesis and decrease excretion.

-alt
-ast
-alp

Back 33

alp

Front 34

Obstruction and inflammation of the biliary tract causes biliary tract __ to rise due to increased synthesis and decrease excretion.

-alt
-ast
-alp

Back 34

alp

Front 35

ALP most commonly rises to twice the upper limit of normal in parallel with the rise in __.

-rbc's
-bilirubin
-wbc's

Back 35

bilirubin

Front 36

ALP most commonly rises to twice the upper limit of normal in parallel with the rise in __.

-rbc's
-bilirubin
-wbc's

Back 36

bilirubin

Front 37

what does ggt stand for?

Back 37

gamma glutamyl transferase

Front 38

what does ggt stand for?

Back 38

gamma glutamyl transferase

Front 39

__ regulates the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.

-alp
-ggt
-alt

Back 39

ggt

Front 40

__ regulates the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.

-alp
-ggt
-alt

Back 40

ggt

Front 41

The bulk of ALP in the serum is made up of liver and __ ALP.

-kidney
-bone
-blood

Back 41

bone

Front 42

Obstruction and inflammation of the biliary tract causes biliary tract __ to rise due to increased synthesis and decrease excretion.

-alt
-ast
-alp

Back 42

alp

Front 43

ALP most commonly rises to twice the upper limit of normal in parallel with the rise in __.

-rbc's
-bilirubin
-wbc's

Back 43

bilirubin

Front 44

what does ggt stand for?

Back 44

gamma glutamyl transferase

Front 45

__ regulates the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.

-alp
-ggt
-alt

Back 45

ggt

Front 46

what is the major use of ggt?

Back 46

to discriminate the source of elevated ALP

Front 47

if ALP is elevated and GGT is correspondingly elevated, then the souce of the elevated ALP is most likely __.

-hepatic
-renal
-biliary

Back 47

biliary

Front 48

GGT is often elevated in those who chronically abuse __ with a rough correlation between the amount of ETOH intake and GGT

Back 48

alcohol

Front 49

All acute injuries and/or necrotic lesions in the liver primarily cause a marked rise in the levels of the ?

-ast
-alt
-both
-neither

Back 49

both ast and alt

Front 50

cell injury can also cause an increase in what other enzyme?

-ggt
-LD
-alp

Back 50

LD

Front 51

acute hepatitis, infarction and trauma can cause a rise in what enzyme (s)?

Back 51

LD

Front 52

if the biliary tract is affected what will you see a rise in?

Back 52

bilirubin
alk phos
ggt
5 N

Front 53

hepatocyte injury causes loss of conjugation of transported bilirubin, so that indirect __ also rises

Back 53

bilirubin

Front 54

is less than 80% of the liver is destroyed in hepatitis...will protien, albumin, and ammonia levels be...

increased
decreased
normal

Back 54

normal

Front 55

cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by what 2 cardinal features?

Back 55

fibrosis and cirrhosis

Front 56

t/f

a pt with hepatic fibrosis is unable to regenerate liver tissue

Back 56

true; the only source of hepatic fcn is from functional nodules

Front 57

in panhepatic cirrhosis there is over 80% liver destruction, the AST/ALT and LD are usually normal (due to regenerating nodules) tend to be normal but where will the protein and albumin,and ammonia levels be?

Back 57

low total protein and albumin with elevated ammonia