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48 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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albumin
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3.5-5 g/dL
Important for OSMOTIC PRESSURE. |
Elevated: Dehydration
Low: periferal Edema |
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Total Protein
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6.0-7.8 g/dL
protein in the body the body wont produce albumin |
decreased: MALNUTRITION
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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
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42-136 U/L
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Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
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male 9-50 IU/L. female 8-40 IU/L
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Serum aminotransferase (AST)
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4-36 U/L
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Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
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35-40 IU/L
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
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60-170
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Cholesterol total
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140-200
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Prothrombin time (PT)
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10-14 secs
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Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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-20-35 seconds
-1.5-2.5 times for anti-coagulant therapy |
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Ammonia
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15-45 ug/dL
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How is ammonia formed?
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protein is broken down by bacteria in the intestinal tract, it is then converted to urea by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
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what are pancreatic enzymes?
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Amylase
Lipase -ase suffix |
Elevated: PANCREATITIS
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Amylase
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60-160 U/dL
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Lipase
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0-160 U/L
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Hepatitis A
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infectious, oral fecal, STD
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Hepatitis B
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Serum hepatitis, DNA virus, contaminated blood, semen, salivia (bodily fluids)
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Hepatitis C
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mother to baby, sexual contact, IV use
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Hepatitis D
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Defective RNA, high risk IV drug use, mutation in previous strain
Mutation from Hep. B |
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Hepatitis E
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oral fecal
mutation from Hep. A |
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Stool Tests
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O&P (Ova and parasites)
Blood-hemetest, guaiac, occult blood, heme occult) Fat C&S |
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Do you refrigerate stool samples?
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NO!!!!!
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4 types of Diarrhea
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secretory diarrhea,
osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, inflammatory diarrhea. |
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Steatorrhea
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fatty, foul -->gallbladder disease
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Melena
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Tarry (UGI bleeding)
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Diarrhea
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Watery for 5 days
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Constipation
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Hard, whatever the patient says
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Helicobacteri pylori (H-pylori)
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Gram negative bacteria, causes PUD, gastic ulcer and Duodenal ulcer
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How do you test for Helicobacteri pylori (H-pylori)?
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Culture
Biopsy Breath test Blood |
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X-ray
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diagnose and assess digestive disorders such as abscesses, bowel obstructions and perforates, or intestinal paralysis (paralytic ileus).
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CT scan
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used to identify abnormalities or tumors, nuclear scans to evaluate vascular structures.
With or Without Dye |
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MRI
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detects hepatic lesions, biliary obstruction, pancreatitis, ascites noninvasive, visualizes depths of various body parts/organs screening tool
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Ultrasound
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examines deep structures for cysts, tumors, masses, fluid, noninvasive, no prep
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Esophagoscopy
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confirms esophageal cancer w/ biopsy, ulcer, inflmmation
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Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
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direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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Endoscropic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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CBD stones, strictures, tumors, cysts
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Gastroscopy
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Detects PUD, erosions, inflammation, tumors
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Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy
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confirms colon cancer with biopsy, polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease
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Endoscopy
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Requires consent form, NP) 8Hrs, NPO until gag reflex returns
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ALP, GGT, AST, ALT
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All indicators of the Liver
Elevated: indications of LIVER DISEASE |
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Antidote for Warfarin/Coumadin
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Vitamin K, helps with clots
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Antidote for Heparin (short acting)
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Protamine Sulfate
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Ammonia
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Elevated: Liver Failure
Uria isn't secreted from body S/S-Altered LOC, lead to encephalopathy |
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PY Tests
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shows 80% of ulcers
pylori test |
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Treatment for Ulcers
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Antibiotics
PPI like Protonix, pylosec |
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Antidote for glucavage
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glucamist
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UGI
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Barium swallow
checks for tumors and fistula via X Ray |
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LGI
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Barium via rectum
checks for tumors and fistula via X ray |
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