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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What factors are associated with a favorbale prognosis in Schizophrenia?
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Availability of social support, good premorbid adjustment, acute onset, being female, presence of a mood diturbance
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What are the most effective treatments for Specific Phobias?
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Flooding and systematic desensitization
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Anaclitic depression ocurs in:
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Infants who have been deprived of maternal attention between 6-8 months. Tend to weep, withdraw, have insomnia
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Autism is seen in about:
A - 5 cases out of 100 B - 2-5 cases out of 1000 C - 3 cases out of 500 D - 2-5 cases out of 10,000 |
D - Also, much more common in males
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The onset of delirium is characterized by:
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a relatively rapid onset with a duration of a month or less
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Research on smokers trying to quit finds that:
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Most smokers end up quitting on their own
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In terms of neurological factors, ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the:
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Prefrontal cortex (decreased blood flow)
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Describe the gender onset differences for OCD.
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Males - OCD peaks at ages 6-15. Females, peak is between 20-29. Adult incidence is same.
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Patient with vivid, frightening dreams, restless sleep, chronic fatigue, and hx of alcohol abuse. Diagnosis is:
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Alcohol-induced sleep disorder
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Define cataplexy:
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Eppisodes of sudden loss of muscle tone resulting in collapse, often associated with expressing of strong emotions
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Name the single best prognostic indicator of recidivism among juvenile offenders?
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Number of previous arrests
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The most effective treatment for functional enuresis is:
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Moisture alarms (more effective than imipramine in the long-term)
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Among adults who were diagnosed with ADHD during childhood, we can expect that:
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between 30%-70% will manifest signs of the disorder throughout their lives (and their children may have up to a 57% chance of having ADHD)
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Caution is neccesarry when considering Ritalin for a hyperactive child with:
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family history of Tourette's Syndrome
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The cognitive deficits of depression differ from thos of dementia in that:
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Free recall is typically impaired while recognition memory is relatively intact
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As compared to whites, blacks are more likely to be diagnosed with:
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Schizophrenia
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The optimal treatment for PTSD is:
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Prolonged exposure
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Research on bioenic theories of autism:
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has confirmed these factors play a dominant role, but has not identified any single factor as the most important one
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Research suggests the best single treatment for Agoraphbia:
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Flooding (exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli while preventing an avoidance response) has rates up to 75%
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Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome involves the processes termed:
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alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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Illusions are
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misperceptions of real stimuli (thinking your wife is a hat)
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Which age onset of Conduct Disorder is associated with a poorer prognosis?
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Childhood as opposed to adolescent
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Headache that begins in the frontal or occipital area and then proceeds to involve a bilateral dull ache is
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tension headache
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Headache casuing intense pain behind the eye
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Cluster headache
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Master & Johnson used sex therapy to treat:
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Premature ejeculation used sex ed, improved communication & sensate focus)
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For children with Enuresis, the most likely co-diagnosis is:
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Encopresis, Sleepwalking disorder, & Sleep Terror Disorder
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Which sleep disorders normally occur during Stages 3 & 4?
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Sleep Terror and Sleepwalking
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Research on ECT & memory loss suggests:
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most deficits are reversible, though problems with autobiographical memory may persist for months
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If a normal child takes Ritalin:
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would exhibit increased attention span
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Optimal treatment for Specific Phobia
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in-vivo exposure with rsponse prevention
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Acc. to Millon, people with NPD use which defense mechanisms?
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Repression, rationalization, projection
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DUring the acute phase, hypoglycemia is most likely to be misdaignoed as:
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Panic Disorder
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Research on eplilepsy hs found tonic-clonic seizures associated with:
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greater cognitve impairment than other types of seizures
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Relationship between environmental factors and Bipolar Disorder?
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Environmental factors are likely to have a greater impact during the EARLY stages of the disorder
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Onset of stuttering:
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Usually age 5, and very rarely after age10
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Mental health interventions for Alzheimer's disease focus on:
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supportive & educational intervenions for family members
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Addictive behaviors are difficult to treat because
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they are self-reinforcing
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According to Brady, the best treatment for reducing a phobic anxiety reaction is one that entails:
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actual in-vivo exposur to the anxiety-provoking experience
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Best predictor of adaptation in old age:
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good health
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First step in dealing with school-phobic child:
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bring child back to school environment
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Alzheimer's is associated with _______ memory loss:
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Declarative
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Percentage of those with Alcohol Dependence who experience severe complications from Alcohol Withdrawal:
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5%
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Rate of ADHD symptoms among twins with ADHD is:
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.80
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Most common diagnosis for inpatients aged 18-44:
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Schizophrenia
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Smoking relapse is most often triggered by:
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1)presence of smoking cues
2)Negative affect |
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Treatments for OCD exert their effect in which area of the brain?
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Caudate nucleus
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Locus Coeruleus is associated with which disorders?
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Depression & Panic Disorder
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One of highest correlations with smoking cessation is related to:
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level of dependence (the more= the harder)
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Symptoms that accompany the three stages of Alzheimer's Dementia:
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Stage 1: depression, anomia, irritability, & anger
Stage 2: Paranoia & mood lability Stage 3: apathy & emotional blunting |
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Risk for twin whose twin has Schizophrenia:
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Identical = 46%
Fraternal = 17% |
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Type I & II of Schizophrenia acc. to Crow:
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Type I: delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate affect & disorganized thinking (due to neurotransmitter irregularities)
TypeII: Emotional blunting, earlier onset, poorer prognosis, doesn't respond to meds (due to brain structure abnormalities) |
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Most effective interventions for cigarette smoking cessation:
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Nicotine replacement therapy, skills training, & social support
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Difference between Transsexuals & Transvestites is:
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Transsexuals wish to change their gender, while Transsvestites do not
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Concordance rate of Schizophrenia for siblings:
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10%
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Echolalia
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pathological, parrot-like repeating of words (may occur in PDD's, and schizo)
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First signs of AIDS-related dementia:
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Loss of concentration, & mild memory loss for recent events (occurs in 2/3 of AIDS patients)
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Prevalence rate of autism is ____ times more for boys:
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4 to 5
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Concordance rate for identical twins with Bipolar I disorder:
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75-80%
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One who is uncomfortable with their homosexual orientation, is diagnosed with::
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Sexual disorder, NOS
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Key difference between Asperger's & Autism is:
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Asperger's does not include significant delays in language
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A way to distinguish between facitious disorder & malingering is:
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Malingering - there is secondary gain, such as financial compensation
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Best treatment for facitios disorder:
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Confrontation
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Premature ejactulation has been linked to low levels of _________.
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Serotonin
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In early Alzheimer's & Korsakoff's, memory deficits include:
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anterograde amnesia that affects declarative memories
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Types of dyslexia & alexia:
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Surface Dyslexia = reading w/o comprehension
Deep Dyslexia = reading errors including semantic paralexia (subsituting word with similar meanings) Pure Alexia = word blindness, inability to read any words Literal Alexia = can read whole words but not individual letters |
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Dementia resulting from long-term alcoholism, affects which abilities?
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visuospatial more than verbal abilities
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Erotomanic type delusions involve:
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a false belief that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with him
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Cessation of long-term alcohol consumption may result in delirium tremens, which is characterized by:
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Paranoid delusions, hallucinations, & autonomic hyperactivity
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Of the "big 5" persoanlity dimensions, which is a sociopath most likely to have?
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Extraversion
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Alcohol Abuse & Dependence has what Male:Female ratio?
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5:1
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Ratio of MDD has what Male:Female ratio?
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1:2.5
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Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are associated with?
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Grand mal seizures
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Common associated diagnoses with Tourette's:
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OCD, LD, ADHD
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Bipolar disorder includes, at a minimum:
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a manic or mixed episode
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Rett's Disorder
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Involves sudden head growth deceleration, loss of purposeful hand movements, social engagement & language development. Only FEMALES,
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Etiologies of Mental Retardation
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30% = embryonic alterations (Such as Downs)
15% = environmental (malnutrition) 10% = pregnancy issues (fetal malnutrition) 5% = genetic 30-40% = ??? |
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Most common co-diagnosis for Learning Disorders?
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ADHD (20-50%)
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Diagnosis of ADHD
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Onset before age 7
Duration of 6 months Symptoms in 2 settings |
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Co-diagnosis with ADHD:
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50% = Conduct Disorder
25% emotional disorder 20% = Learning Disorder |
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Barkley's theory for ADHD of "behavioral disinhibition":
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ADHD is not attention deficits, but rather a lack of ability to adjust activity levels to the situation at hand
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Negative side effects of methylphenidates:
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Somatic symptoms (insomnia, decreased appetite)
Movement abnormalities (motor & vocal tics) OC symptoms Growth Suppression |
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Encopresis:
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Involuntary or intentional passage of feces. Must be once a month for 3 months, after age 4
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Medical conditions related to delirium:
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Infections, metabolic disorders, renal diseases, postoperative states, head trauma, brain lesions
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Risk Factors for Delirium:
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1) Age over 60
2) Decreased "cerebral reserve" - after stroke, dementia 3) Post-bypass 4) Drug withdrawal (especially benzos) |
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Delusional Disorder:
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Persistent delusions for 1 month that are NOT bizarre
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Bipolar II Disorder
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One or more dpressive episode & one hypomanic episode but no Manic episode
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Rehm's self-control theory of depression
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Views depression as deficits in self-control behaviors (selective attention to negative events, immediate outocmes; negative attributions for one's own behavior; insufficient self-reinforcement; excessive self-punishment
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Rehm's self-control therapy for depression
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Structured form of group therapy involving education, exercises, & homework to help patients monitor mood, modifiy evaluations and self-reinforce
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Best treatment for Social Phobia
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Medication (beta-blockers & MAOI's)
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Somatization Disorder
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4 - Pain
2 - GI 1 - Sexual 1 - Pseudoneurological |
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Predictors of Personality Disorders:
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Hx of developmental problems, poor ego functioning, low IQ, disorganized families
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