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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What intervention should be provided for the family of an Alzheimer's patient?
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support group
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What would a GAF of 40-50 indicate?
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serious impairment or suicidal ideation
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What is the difference between Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's syndrome?
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- Korsakoff's memory loss only
- Alzheimer's memory loss + cognitive impairments |
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When is ECT used to treat depression?
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when other interventions unsuccessful
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Which 3 disorders is Tourette's symdrome associated with?
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AHDH, OCD, & LD
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What are panic attacks associated with?
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unusual perceptual experiences
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What is long term ADHD associated with?
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conduct problems
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What is acute hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) often misdiagnosed as?
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panic attack
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What is the risk of monozygotic twins having schizophrenia? What about dizygotic twins?
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- 50%
- 20% |
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What is the difference between Sleepwalking disorder and Sleep terror disorder?
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organized motor activity in sleepwalking disorder
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What is the best prognostic indicator for Autism?
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early language ability
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What is the typical pattern of depression/physical symptoms of women during menstruation?
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there is none
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What is a common co-diagnosis w/ enuresis?
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sleepwalking or sleep terror disorder
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What 3 factors are associated w/ poor prognosis for schizophrenia?
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- being male
- early onset - negative symptoms |
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How should you intervene w/ paranoia?
What should you NOT do? |
- attempt to change environment so it's less threatening
- confront the paranoia |
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How many sessions are needed to decrease a specific phobic response?
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2-4 sessions
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What is the most common disorder among >65?
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alzheimer's type dementia
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How does major depression often look in children?
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irritability and acting out
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What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?
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bipolar II does NOT have any manic episodes
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Which type of schizophrenia is responsive to meds and has a better chance of recovery?
Does that type of schizophrenia have positive or negative symptoms? |
- Schizophrenia Type I
- positive |
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What is the difference between the Tic disorders?
What are the 3 types and name them in order? |
- duration of tics
- tic disorder NOS, transient, chronic/tourette's |
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What neurotransmitter is low in parkinson's?
This neurotransmitter being low causes what disorder to often occur w/parkinson's? |
- dopamine
- depression |
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With what 2 interventions is cigarette smoking best treated?
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- replacement training and social support
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What 3 groups is HIV prognosis lowest for?
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- low IQ, elderly, more depressed
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What is the heretability of ADHD hyperactive-impulsive?
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.80
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What are the 3 signs of substance dependence?
Which is more severe abuse or dependence? |
- tolerance, withdrawal, use over a period of time
- dependence |
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Relatives of schizophrenics tend to be...
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shizotypal
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How is phobic anxiety best treated?
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in-vivo exposure
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How is generalized anxiety best treated?
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cognitive behavior therapy
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What is narcolepsy associated with?
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low muscle tone
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what is seasonal mood disorder related to?
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melatonin levels
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How is factitious disorder best treated?
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supportive outpatient therapy
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what does idiopathic mean?
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unknown cause
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how is PTSD best treated?
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prolonged exposure
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What is MR due to?
How do MR infants respond? |
- abnormalities in early embryonic development
- show lack of interest in environment |
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What are the 3 stages of Alzheimer's?
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- depression & anomia & STM decreases
- retrograde & antergrade amnesia, paranoia & labile mood - apathy & emotional blunting, decrease in ability to care for self |
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How is circumstantiality different from tangential thinking?
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- circumstantiality eventually gets to the point
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What is the best predictor of substance use treatment?
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severity of substance problems
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When does anaclitic depression occur?
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in infants
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Increasing amphetamines causes?
Decreasing barbituates causes? |
- paranoia
- seizures |
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How often does autism occur?
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2-5 cases out of 10,000
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Describe onset & duration of dementia
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rapid & brief
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what is catatonia?
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psychomotor disturbance
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How is OCD best treated?
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response prevention
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What is the rate of PDD and ADHD in males?
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- PDD 4-5x higher
- ADHD 4-9x higher |
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How is ODD and CD different?
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ODD does not include harm to others of violation of others' rights
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what is schizophrenia?
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disruption in thinking and affect
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how is dementia different from delirium?
how is dementia different from depression? |
- delirium includes loss of consciousness/alertness
- depression includes awareness of impairment |
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Schizophrenia is caused by increased level of which neurotransmitter?
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dopamine
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How is schizophrenia different from schizoaffective?
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schizoaffective = mood disturbance + schizophrenic features
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School phobia in adolescence may be a sign of...
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depression
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How is schizophrenia different from schizophreniform?
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schizophrenia lasts longer than schizophreniform
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How is schizophrenia different from delusional disorder?
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schizophrenia has bizarre delusions + other symptoms
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Depression is caused by low levels of which neurotransmitter?
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norepinephrine
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Name 2 major risk factors for suicide
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- hopelessness
- a profoundly depressed person starting to feel a little better |
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How is specific phobic disorder different from panic disorder?
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- the specific is situationally bound
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How is PTSD different from Acute stress disorder?
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Acute stress occurs right after event and has shorter duration than PTSD
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In OCD which is harder to treat, obsession or compulsion?
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obsession (because it's your thoughts)
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What do factitious and malingering have in common?
How are they different? |
- voluntary
- malingering is controllable & has clear external goal |
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What is a dissociative disorder?
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disruption in perception, consciousness, or memory
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How is bulimia different from anorexia?
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bulimics maintain normal body weight and more responsive to treatment
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How is a personality disorder different from other disorders?
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personality disorders don't have persistent psychotic symptoms
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How is paranoid personality similar to schizotypal?
How is paranoid personality different from schizotypal? |
- both interpersonally suspicious & aloof
- different because paranoid personality does not have unusual/odd perceptions |
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How is paranoid personality similar to schizotypal & schizoid?
How is paranoid personality different from schizotypal & schizoid? |
- all have social detachment & restricted affect
- only schizotypal has disturbed perceptions or oddness |
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How is avoidant personality similar to schizotypal & schizoid?
How is avoidant personality different from schizotypal & schizoid? |
- all have social isolation
- different because avoidant personality wants to have social relationships |
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What is the IQ for mild MR, moderate MR?
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- mild IQ= 50-70
- moderate IQ= 35-50 |
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How often do people with autism speak?
Is autism more common in males or females? What treatment has found some success w/autistics |
- rarely
- males - operant behavioral |
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What is Rett's disorder?
Is Rett's disorder more common in females or males? |
- childhood disorder
- females |
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What is the co-morbidity of LD & ADHD?
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20-50%
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What is the treatment for stuttering?
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majority remit on their own
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What is the neurological explanation for ADHD?
What is the behavioral explanation for ADHD? What is the heretibility of ADHD in twins and with regular sibs? What is common drug of choice with ADHD? |
- low blood flow to prefrontal cortex
- disinhibition hypothesis - .80 among twins or .60 among sibs - methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
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When is a label of encopresis given?
When is a label of enuresis given? |
- age 4
- age 5 |
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What is reactive attachment disorder?
What are the 2 types? |
- inappropriate social relatedness & hypervigilance
- Inhibited & Disinhibited |
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3 disturbances associated with dementia are agnosia, aphasia, and apraxia. Define them...
Although this is not associated w/dementia, what is alogia? |
- agnosia= loss of sensory
- apraxia= loss of motor - aphasia= loss of language - alogia= loss of speech |
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Depressed elderly often appear as...
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demented (pseudodementia)
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what is anterograde amnesia?
what is retrograde amnesia? |
- inability to learn new info (my mnemonic: a in anterograde can be remember as after - so memory after is low)
- inability to recall info (my mnemonic: r in retrograde can be remember as recall) |
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what is Korsakoff's syndrome?
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amnesia due to vitamin deficiency
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Which substance use type is associated w/legal problems?
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substance abuse
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What may chronic cocaine use result in?
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emotional blunting
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what is confabulation?
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filling in memory gaps with fabricated info.
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what is antabuse?
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a treatment that causes nausea when mixed w/alcohol
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what does schizophrenia literally mean?
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splitting of the mind
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What does positive schizophrenia symptoms mean?
What does negative schizophrenia symptoms mean? |
- exaggerations of normal function
- loss of normal function |
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What is the heretibility of schizophrenia in twins?
Treatment of schizophrenia? |
- monozygotic .48 & dizygotic .16
- therapy for family & medication for client |
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Only one type of bipolar I disorder requires a depressive episode, which is it?
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Bipolar I, most recent episode depressed
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How common is postpartum depression?
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- 50-80% minor mood
- 10-20% mood disorder |
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What are some symptoms of seasonal affective disorder?
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carb cravings & hypersomnia
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Which neurotransmitter is associated depression and mania?
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- low norepinephrine= depression
- high norepinephrine= mania |
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Mediation for mania?
Medication for depression? |
- lithium
- tricyclics or SSRIs |
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How effective is EMDR?
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not any more effective than other treatments
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What is a somatoform Disorder?
How is somatifrom NOS different from undifferentiated somatoform? What is another name for somatization? Name 2 other popular somatoform disorders |
- uncontrollable & unexplainable physical symptoms
- undifferentiated lasts longer than 6 months - Briquet's syndrome - Hypochondriasis & Conversion disorder |
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How is somatoform, factitious, & malingering different?
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somatoform- uncontrollable, not deliberate
factitious- uncontrollable malingering- not a mental disorder |
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Order the following disorders from most to least severe... (schizoaffective, schizotypal, schizoid, schizophrenifom, & schizophrenia)
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schizophrenia > schizophreniform > schizoaffective > schizotypal > schizoid
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What is the prognosis of sociopaths (antisocial personality)?
What type of punishment would they respond to? |
- poor prognosis
- loss of money |
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How is OCD different from obsessive-compulsive personality?
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- obsessive-compulsive involves compulsively driven behaviors whereas
- OCD involves intrusive thoughts and rituals |
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Describe dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, & dissociative identity
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- d amnesia= can't remember personal info.
- d fugue= travel away, inability to remember past, and confusion about identity - d identity= multiple personalities |
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Most common sexual disorder in males? in females?
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- males= premature ejac
- females= orgasmic disorder |
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Adjustment disorder differs from PTSD and Acute stress disorder because...
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less severe
adjustment disorder > acute stress disorder > PTSD |
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Define the following illusion, delusion, hallucination, magical thinking, ideas of reference
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-illusion= misperception
-delusion= false belief -hallucination= false sensory perception -magical thinking= false belief that one's actions caused something -ideas of reference= belief that event has meaning (e.g., superstition) |
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Name 4 types of seizures & where they occur
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- tonic-clonic (grand mal)- violent shaking & sleep after- occurs bilaterally
- absence (petit mal)- brief, no sleep after- occurs bilaterally - complex-partial - confusion & look dazed - occurs locally - simple-partial - affects one side of body - occurs locally |
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What is difference between migrane and tension headache?
How are they treated? |
-tension occurs on both sides treated w/biofeedback
-migrane occurs on one side & treated w/thermal |
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What is Selye's General Adaptation syndrome? The mnemonic is ARE
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-Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
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Which aspect of Type A personality is associated w/health issues?
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hostility
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One symptom of Separation anxiety is...
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three signs or symptoms must be present, one of which is excessive worry that harm will befall a major attachment figure
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The 2 most common precipitants of smoking relapse are...
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presence of smoking cues and negative affect
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When narcissistic people experience personal failure and public humiliation, they resort to which defense mechanisms?
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first repression, and if that fails, then rationalization and projection
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what does 'folie a deux' mean?
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two people who share a delusion of similar content
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Research regarding the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation programs has found what to be the best predictor of future employment?
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past employment history
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Dementia due to HIV Disease results in what 4 symptoms?
Which symptom occurs first? |
- forgetfulness
apathy social withdrawal - fogetfulness, particularly of recent events |
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In what 2 ways is borderline IQ different from MR?
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borderline is IQ >70 w/out significant deficits in adaptive functioning
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A woman with Schizophrenia is most likely to have a _________ with Schizophrenia (fill in one of these: mother, father, monozygotic sister, or dizygotic brother)
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monozygotic sister (schizophrenia heritability is .50)
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At what age do gender differences for OCD begin to become apparent?
And which gender does it occur in sooner? |
6 years
males |
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How many often are people w/ panic disorder also agoraphobic?
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33-50% of individuals diagnosed w/Panic Disorder also have Agoraphobia
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What is the best way to track the progression of Alzheimer's disease?
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regularly administer cognitive assessments
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Which disorder is most likely to respond to pharmacotherapy alone?
What is the med of choice? |
Bipolar I
Lithium |
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Can a MR student be classified LD?
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yes, if their achievement is significantly below their MR IQ level
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What is the average weight gain of people who quit smoking?
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7-9 pounds
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What is the difference between nightmare disorder and sleep terror disorder?
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sleep terror involves no recollection of the nightmare
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Alcohol Abuse and Dependence has a male to female ratio of about:
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5 to 1
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What are the 3 aspects of MR classification?
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(1) IQ score of 70 or less
(2) deficits in at least TWO areas of adaptive functioning (3) onset before age 18 |
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which substances may produce delirium?
which will not? |
cocaine, cannibus, LSD
caffeine |
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What percentage of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder continue to exhibit signs of the disorder in adulthood?
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50%
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Significant evidence of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, restlessness, and fluent aphasia are most characteristic of which stage in Alzheimer's Dementia?
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stage 2
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