Diagnosis Part 1

Front 1

A small haemorrhage under the nail bed. It almost looks like a wood splinter. What is it ?

Back 1

Splinter haemorrhage

Front 2

What are the causes for a splinter haemorrhage ?

Back 2

The most common cause of a splinter haemorrhage is trauma.

Others:

Infective endocarditis( infection of the valves and lining of the heart)

Sepsis- infected blood clots can emblise off and get lodged in the nail.

Front 3

A 79 year old man presents to the emergency department because he developed sudden onset violent sharp pain behind his sternum and in the throat. He had known hypertention and cornary artery disease.

On arrival to the ED he is drowsy and obvious in discomfort.

You check his BP in both arms.

You notice that his blood pressure is 85/40 in his right arm but 110/60 in his left arm. You look in his eyes and you see small pupil and slightly dropped eyelid. What does the man has ?

Back 3

Horner's syndrome

Front 4

What causes Horner's syndrome?

Back 4

It is caused by damage to a nerve in the nick. There are many reasons for that.

1. A tumour at the top of the lungs can compress the nerve and cause Horner's syndrome. This is called pancoat tumour.

2. Some people are born with horner's syndrome and it is normal for them.

Front 5

Why the difference in BP in both arms is a medical emergency ?

Back 5

Because of Aortic dissection ( تشريح الأبهر)

Which the patient will have very sudden and severe tearing , chest pain, radiating to the back.

Key signs:

A diiference in blood pressure in both arms.

And a different in pulse between the 2 arms

Front 6

Abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen

Back 6

Ascites أسايتيز

Front 7

What are the casues of Ascites?

Back 7

Liver failure

Heart failure

Kidney failure

Front 8

A hand deformity that usually develops over years. The condition affects a layer of tissue that lies under the skin the your palm.

Knots of tissue from under the skin- eventually creating a thick cord that pull one or more fingers into a bent postion

Back 8

Dupuytern's contraction

Front 9

How dupuytren's is treated?

Back 9

It is treated by Xiapex injections.

2 collagenases(enzymes) that are isolated from the bacterium clostridium histolyticum..

The collagenases can break down collagen at the site of injection and cab break down the cord.

Front 10

You notice the tips of a patients finger's appesr enlarged. This phenomenon is associated with lung cancer. What is it ?

Back 10

Clubbing

Front 11

Weight loss, heat introlerance, anxiety, Diarrhea

Irregular periods, protruding eyes( exophthalmos)

Skin changes, palpitations

Tremor of the hand

Goitre ( enlarged thyroid gland)

Too much thyroid hormone ( hyperthyroidism)

What is it ?

Back 11

Grave's disease

Front 12

What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Back 12

Medication

Surgery

Radio-iodine

Front 13

Whay is the case of not having enough thyroid hormone?

Back 13

Hypothyroidism

Which comes with symptoms like :

Fatigue , dry skin

Cold intolerance, muscle weakness

Weigh gain,irregular periods, thining of hair, constipation

Loss of outer third of the eye brow

Front 14

What are the causes of hypothyroidism ?

Back 14

Iodine deficiency

Autoimmune disease

Treatment : thyroid hormone replacement

Front 15

A chronic disease that can affect any joint in the body, but the most commonly affected are small joints in the hands. It features:

Pain, swelling, stiffness

Increase in warmth

And loss of function.

What is it?

Back 15

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 16

What is this condition called?

Back 16

Nail pitting

Front 17

A common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells and causes the cells to bulid up rapidly and leads to extra kin cells . The area affcted skin are red covered with dry silvery scales قشور

It is chronic condition that comes and goes

Back 17

Psoriasis

Front 18

A skin condition characterized by areas of dark, velvety discolouration in body folds and creases e.g. the neck, armpits, groin

Back 18

Acanthosis Nigricans

It is associated with obesity

Diabetes

Acromegaly

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Rarely can be a sign of cancer

Front 19

A condition caused by varicella zoster virus. (The virus of chickenpox lies inactivte in the nerve tissures.yeats later it can activate causing this condition what is it and how does it look?

Back 19

It is shingles

It causes painful rash that follows the distribution of a nerve ( dermatomal distribution) so it often look like a rash affctes a stripe of skin

Front 20

A form of arthritis that is caused by excess uric acid in the blood stream. It causes inflammation of a joint and us really painfull for patients.

The most common joint affcted is the joint at the base of the big toe.

Back 20

Gout

Having excess alcohol or having a diet high in purines increase your risk. ( soft drinks, alcohol, sea food, liver)

Front 21

Collection of cholesterol below the skin.

Usually occur on the eyelids or around them.

Can be associated with hight cholesterol.

Back 21

Xanthelamsmata

Front 22

A rare condition that develop hamartomatous polyps( benign ) in the small bowel, colon, lungs, nose ,bladder

15 fold increase risk in cancer of the intestine.

Back 22

Peutz jeggers syndrome

Front 23

Associated with question mark posture. This is an inflammatory conditio that mainly affects the back.

Overtime, it can cause the vertbrae in the back to fuse causing stiffness and making it difficult to move about.

Also it can affect the tendom and eyes.

Back 23

Ankylosing spondylitis

Early treatment can help slow the progressiton

Front 24

The most chracteristic feature is the butterfly rash. It is difficult to be dignose as it mimics many other conditions.

Itvis caused by autoimmune conditio that affct nearly any part of the body.

Back 24

Systemic lupus ertgematosis ( SLE )

Can come with fever, fatigue ,joint pain, various types of rash and dry eyes

Front 25

What is this condition?

Back 25

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

Front 26

..

Back 26

..

Front 27

Caused by a tick bite from the Borreliella burgdorferi species.symptoms include.

Rash fatigue

Muscle pain

Joint pain

Headache

Fecer and chills

Back 27

Lyme disease

) erythema chronicum migrans )

Travel history is important+ any pets? Camping ? Hiking ? Foresfy work ?

Front 28

What is this condition?

Back 28

It is Bell's palsy

Front 29

How do you tell the difference between a stroke and bell's palsy?

Back 29

In a stroke you won't be able to wrinkle your forehead

Front 30

A patient who is 70 year old presents to you with really bad constipation. You notice a tremor. What could this be?

Back 30

Parkinson's disease

Front 31

What are the causes of parkinson's disease?

Back 31

Neruodegerative disease

Loss of dopamine in the brain

Very uncommon in young people.

It features:

1. Tremor ( usually one side of the body)

2. Slownesss of movement

3. Stiffness/ rigidity

4. Stooped posture

5. Decrease faical expression

6. Decrease smell

7. Constipation

Front 32

Back 32

1

Front 33

A 40 year old lady she is complaining of feeling tired all the time and has notice dizziness on standing. She has a history of diabetes 1 ( which is that the pancrease is failing to produce insulin due to damage in beta cells ) she also has pigmentation of her gum and the inner sides of her mouth

Back 33

Addison's disease

Front 34

What causes Addison's disease?

Back 34

An autoimmune condition that causes a destruction of the adrenal glands

Front 35

Back 35

Front 36

Back 36

0

Front 37

Back 37

Front 38

Back 38

Front 39

Back 39

Front 40

Back 40

Front 41

What causes Bell's palsy?

Back 41

Unknown * idiopathic

Thought to be caused by a virus

It often gets better by it self