Diagnosis And Treatment

Front 1

schizoaffective disorder

Back 1

psychotic or delusional episodes occur without accompanying mood symptoms, in a patient who also has reoccurring abnormal mood symptoms

Front 2

Fragile X Syndrome

Back 2

genetic disorder impacting physical & cognitive abilities
males and females - most males of intellectual disability, 1/3 of females do
indicated by rapid speech, abnormal facial structure, and working memory impairment in males

Front 3

Acute Stress Disorder

Back 3

PTSD but the symptoms occur within one month and don't last longer than one month

Front 4

disorders equally common in Males and Females

Back 4

schizophrenia, Bipolar I, OCD (during childhood/adol OCD is more common in males)

Front 5

most heavily genetically loaded disorders

Back 5

Bipolar I - 75-80% among twins

Front 6

Rett's Disorder

Back 6

genetic
only in females
a pattern of developmental regression that results in permanent bx and communicative problems becomes apparent 6-18 months after birth
decelerated head growth, abnormal gait/trunk control

Front 7

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 7

caused by genetic defect
impairment in the metabolism of amino acids which cause toxic chemicals to remain unmetabolized, resulted in MR
infants are screened for PKU and if detected are placed on a special diet to prevent MR

Front 8

Tay-Sachs

Back 8

genetic disorder affecting Jews of European descent and usually screened for prior to marriage or during pregnancy

Front 9

Tonic-clonic seizures

Back 9

seizure in which there is a tonic stage (continuous tension or contraction) followed by a clonic stage (rapid involuntary alternate muscular contractions and relaxation)
associated with grand mal seizures

Front 10

petit mal sizure

Back 10

absence seizure
most frequent in kids
last 1-10 seconds - brief change in consciousness, followed by blinking and rolling of the eyes, blank stare, slight mouth movements

Front 11

partial seizures

Back 11

characterized by an initially localized motor seizure, with a spread of abnormal activity to adjacent brain areas
Jacksonian seizure
there are also complex partial seizure, which are usually preceded by an aura and usually include purposeless behavior, lip smacking, and unintelligible speech

Front 12

Klinefelter's Syndrome

Back 12

men only
chromosomal abnormality
1:500
results in 2 X chromosomes (they are XXY instead of XXY)
tend to be taller, less intelligent (IQ around 90), and have abnormal development of secondary sex characteristics (partial breast development, small testicles, high pitched voice), they are sterile

Front 13

Turner's Syndrome

Back 13

only in females
1:2500
have only 1 X chromosome (XO instead of XX)
normal intelligence
abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics (no menstruation, ovulation)

Front 14

At what age is dementia most common

Back 14

85+
20%, or more, of persons over age 85 have dementia

Front 15

pattern of Alzheimer's memory problems

Back 15

intact procedural memory, diminished declarative (episodic and semantic) memory
short term memory goes -- then explicit memory impairment leads to retro and anterograde amnesia, plus restlessness, flat or labile mood, fluent aphasia, difficulty with complex tasks -- then, serious impairment
accounts for 50% of all dementia's
women are over-represented
1st degree relative makes in 3-4x more likely

Front 16

AIDS dementia complex

Back 16

occurs in about 2/3 of those with AIDS
loss of concentration and mild memory disturbance -- motor abnormalities and depression symptoms -- seizure, incontinence, etc -- death within 1-6 months

Front 17

delirium tremens

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aka Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium aka DT
characteristic signs of delirium + vivid hallucinations, delusions, autonomic hyperactivity, and agitation
often accompanied by co-occurring medical disorders such as head trauma, liver failure, pnemonia

Front 18

Schizophrenia - prevalence and age of onset

Back 18

1 in every 100
onset is usually late adolescence or early adulthood
males: 18-25 years
females: 25-30, and after 40 (3-10%)
in industrialized nations 65% have continuous, episodic course without remission; compared to 39% in developing countries

Front 19

Postpartum Depression

Back 19

50-80% of women experience minor mood symptoms for a few days after giving birth
10-20% have symptoms significant enough to diagnose a mood disorder, usually lasting 2-8 weeks, but can last 1 year
onset must be within 4 weeks after giving birth

Front 20

the presence of what helps differentiate Cyclothymic Disorder from Bipolar II?

Back 20

a major depressive episode would signal Bipolar II

Front 21

the presence of what helps differentiate Bipolar I from Bipolar II?

Back 21

the presence of one or more manic or mixed episodes - indicates Bipolar I

Front 22

Addison's Disease

Back 22

under-secretion of the adrenal cortex
fatigue, fainting spells, loss of appetite, decreased body weight, depression, apathy

Front 23

Cushing's Disease

Back 23

over secretion of adrenal cortex
obesity, memory loss, mood swings, somatic delusions