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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are 3 ways of preventing yourself from developing acquired mutation |
1)protective clothing 2)sunscreen 3)vaccination - some acquired cancers are caused by viruses e.g. hpv |
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how does knowing that cancer can be caused by mutagenic agents affect the diagnosis |
if you know that aquired mutations are caused by mutagenic agents then high risk individuals can be screened for cancers - or they can be screened earlier and more frequently. this can lead to earlier diagnosis - before symptoms appear = increases chance of recovery |
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how can knowing what specific mutation a type of cancer is, affect the diagnosis? |
if a specific mutation is known then more sensitive tests can be developed which can lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis = improving chances of recovery |
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how can bowel cancer be detected early |
bowel cancer can be detected early by looking for RAS mutations in the DNA of bowel cells - this is because there is a mutation in the RAS proto-oncogene |
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how can breast cancer be treated |
breast cancer is caused by a mutation of the HER2 proto-oncogene. it can be treated with a drug called herceptin. |
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how does herceptin work |
the drug binds specifically to the altered HER2 protein receptor and suppresses cell division and tumour growth |
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what does the aggressiveness of the treatment depend on |
it depends on the mutation - different mutations produce different types of cancer e.g if the mutation is known to be an aggressive fast growing cancer it is treated with higher doses of radiotherapy or by removing large areas of the tumour in surgery. |
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what are two ways of preventing people with heriditary mutations from getting cancer |
1) most cancers = caused by mutations in multiple genes so people with a family history should avoid gaining extra acquired mutations by avoiding mutagenic agents e.g smoking
2) if the mutation causes a very high risk of cancer preventative surgery may be carried out - removing the organ the cancer is likely to affect before symptoms show e.g a mastectomy |
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what are the benefits of being diagnosed early if you have a genetic disorder |
if they're tested and diagnosed before symptoms develop, any treatment available can begin earlier. also knowing if they have the disorder or if they are a carrier can help to figure out if any children they have are at risk. |
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what are some prevention methods for people with a high risk of a genetic mutation |
carriers or sufferers of genetic disorder can undergo preimplantation genetic diagnosis duing IVF to prevent any offspring having the disease. embryos are produced by IVF and screened for the mutation - only embryos without the mutation are implanted in the womb. |
