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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PaCO2 is largely a measure of what?
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ventilation
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What is an A-a gradient?
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alveolar-arterila gradient
-difference btw PAO2(pressure of O2 in the alveoli) and PaO2 (pressure of O2 in the plasma) |
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What is the normal A-a gradient?
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<10 mm Hg
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What are some causes of an increased A-a gradient?
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-O2 is not transferred across the alveolar membrane (mucus plugging, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS)
-mixing of deoxygenated blood w/ oxygenated (congential cardiac deptal defects, AV shunts) |
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PaO2 measures free O2 molecules in what?
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plasma
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Once O2 is bound to hemoglobin, it no longer _____ ______
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-no longer exerts pressure
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Assuming normal lungs, primary determinant of PaO2 is what?
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PAO2
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PaO2 doesn't measure O2 that is what?
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bound by hemoglobin. PaO2 is independent of hemoglobin level
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PaO2 is not affected by what disease?
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anemia
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What is SaO2?
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percent of hemoglobin binding sites satureated with O2 in arterial blood
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How many O2 binding sites does hemoglobin have?
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4
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SaO2 does not include what?
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free O2 dissolved in blood
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SaO2 is largely a function of what?
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PaO2
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Is SaO2 affected by anemia?
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NO
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What is CaO2?
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content of O2 in the arterial blood
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CaO2 is the only measure that takes what into account?
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amount of hemoglobin
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CaO2 reflets what?
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total O2 in the blood, both bound and unbound
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Take home message, you can have a normal PaO2 and normal SaO2 and still be what?
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deprived of oxygen
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ABGs prove valuable information on what? (5 things)
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1-ventilation
2-oxygenation 3-acid/base disoders 4-insight into nature of acid/base disorders 5-whether the body is compensating |
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pH is inversly proportional to what?
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H+ concentration
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PaCO2 is a good reflection of what?
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ventilation
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PaCO2 is inversely related to what?
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pH
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Increased PaCO2 leads to___________pH
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-decreased (respiratory acidosis)
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Decreased PaCO2 leads to ________________ pH
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increased (respiratory alkalosis)
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HCO3 is regulated by what primarily?
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kidneys via excretion and re-absorption
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HCO3 is related to _____ _____ on electrolyte panel.
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venous CO2
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What is the relationship btw HCO3 and pH?
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direct
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Decreasing bicarb leads to what?
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decreased pH (acidosis)
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Renal management of HCO3 can compensate for what?
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primary respiratory acid base abnormalities
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ABGs are usually drawn from where?
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radial artery
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What test must you perform before you try for ABGs?
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Allens test
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The ABG sample must be kept how?
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on ice
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What is normal ph?
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7.35-7.45
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What is normal PaCO2?
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35-45
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What is normal HCO3?
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22-26
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What is normal PaO2?
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80-100
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What is normal SaO2?
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95-100%
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What is normal CaO2?
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16-22
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pH 7.4, PCO2 40, HCO3-24
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ph-normal
PCO2-normal HCO3-normal Normal |
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ph-7.3
PCO2-50 HCO3-24 |
-ph-low
-PCO2-high -HCO3-normal uncompensated respriratory acidosis |
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-ph-7.5
-PaCO2-30 -HCO3-24 |
ph-high
-PCO2-low -HCO3-normal uncompensated respiratory alkalosis |
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ph-7.31
CO2-40 HCO3-20 |
-ph-low
-CO2-normal -HCO3-low uncompensated metabolic acidosis |
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ph-7.49
PCO2-39 HCO3-29 |
-pH-high
-PCO2-normal -HCO3-high uncompensated metabolic alkalosis |
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pH-7.35
PCO2-50 HCO3-29 |
pH-normal
PCO2-high (resp) HCO3-high (acidosis) compensated respiratory acidosis |
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pH-7.45
PCO2-31 HCO3-20 |
pH-normal
PCO2-low (resp) HCO3-low (alkalosis) compensated respiratory alkalosis |
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pH-7.35
PCO2-28 HCO3-19 |
pH-normal
PCO2-low HCO3-low compensated metabolic acidosis |
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pH-7.44
PCO2-51 HCO3-31 |
pH-normal
PCO2-high HCO3-high compensated metabolic alkalosis |
