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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical diagnosis (dx) based on what? Confirmed by what?
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based on the medical history (hx) and physical examination of the patient. May be confirmed by xrays, histology, CT scans, cytology, blood work, etc.
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What does Pathognomonic mean?
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A sign or symptom that is so characteristic of a disease that it makes the diagnosis. Ex: Koplik’s spots are pathognomonic of measles
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What is a Pyogenic Granuloma?
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pregnancy tumor
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What are the first 3 steps in Diagnostic Sequence and what are they collectively called?
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Detection and examination of the lesion, painful condition or abnormality
The patients history and a comprehensive clinical examination Reexamination of the abnormality Collectively termed: Data Base |
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What does S.O.A.P stand for?
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S-Subjective – Info the patient has told you
O-Objective – Information you gathered from the patient A-Assessment P-Plan |
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Steps in detecting lesion or abnormality?
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-What the patient tells us-Palpation = feeling to determine size, shape, firmness, area
-Visual -Percussion -Radiographs -Probing with instrumentation |
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What are the 2 types of Clinical Evaluation?
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Comprehensive and Abbreviated
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What type of approach must the practitioner take and why?
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SYSTEMATIC approach
This ensures consistency and completeness for every patient |
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What are steps of comprehensive dental evaluation?
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1. Identify the patient (FIRST AND FOREMOST)
2. Patient History 3. Clinical examination 4. Radiographs and supplemental examinations 5. Diagnostic Summary 6. Treatment planning recommendations |
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What are the History Taking Skills?
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Listening
Analyzing Observing Thinking |
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What are the 3 main steps in Initial Interview?
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Reason for visit (chief complaint)
Medical history of chief complaint Medical, dental, family, and personal history |
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What is the patient's judgment of the dentist's professional worth based on?
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It is based more on FEELINGS than on an accurate judgement of professional competence
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What are the basic question Types?
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General inquiry – Usually open-ended and has no focus or topic
Follow up question – used to clarify a point, probe for depth, expand on initial answer Check question – used to verify accuracy of an answer. “I have chest pain”. Q: “When do you get chest pains?” |
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What are the 5 specific interviewing techniques?
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Keeping your distance
Developing Rapport Facilitation Interpretation Summary |
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What is Rapport and why should you develop it with your patient?
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Rapport is a state of mutual trust and respect. Allows for direct and open communication.
Dentist must be reassuring, and show empathy. |
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What is a facilitation?
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A facilitation is a verbal or nonverbal gesture made purposefully to encourage the patient to
continue talking. Examples: "You were saying?" , "uh-huh..." , "I see..." |
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What is a consultation?
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a request for a professional opinion
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What is a referral?
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A referral is completed when a condition is deemed more than the clinician can handle, a specialty is required.
It is a request for the SERVICES of a professional colleague. Part of the legal responsibility for patient treatment is also transferred to the consultant (second practitioner). |
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What method is considered to be the most appropriate technique for history taking in the routine practice of dentistry?
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The combined method
Health Questionnaire AND interview |
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What Biographical data must be collected?
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Full Name
Age/DOB Sex Race Permanent Address Telephone Number Emergency Contact |
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How do you document the patient's Chief Complaint?
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Use the patient's own words in quotations
Document the duration Then brief summary in your own words |
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What info to obtain about social history?
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Marital Status
# children Habits Education Occupation Job Related Issues ALCOHOL/TOBACCO/DRUG USE |
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Info to collect about Family history
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Health of patient's parents/siblings
Cause of death of relatives Inherited diseases/traits |
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What is the title of our text?
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Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine and Treatment Planning, 2nd Edition, Bricker
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What is diascopy?
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A specific examination technique where the tissue is compressed by a glass slide or wafer of clear acrylic.
This determines if the lesions are vascular. |
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What is probing?
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Probing is palpation with an instrument and is one of the most important diagnostic techniques used in dentistry today.
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How can you examine the TMJ?
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Palpation and Auscultation
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What is Auscultation?
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The act of listening for sounds within the body.
Such as wheezing, clicking, popping, or crepitus of the TMJ. |
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What is Aspiration?
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The withdrawal of fluids from the body.
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What to examine during examination of head extra oral?
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Facial Form
Skin Hair Eyes Ears Pre and Post-auricular Lymph Nodes Temporomandibular Joint Nose and Para-nasal Sinuses |
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What are the vital signs?
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Blood pressure
pulse respiratory rate temperature |
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What is normal blood pressure?
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120/80
numerator is systolic denominator is diastolic |
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When do you hear the systolic and diastolic numbers?
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After loosening the valve of the bulb, the systolic number is the FIRST noise.
Diastolic is the LAST noice you hear. |
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When taking blood pressure, how should the patient be positioned?
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Relaxed seated position.
Arm at level of the heart. LEGS MUST BE UNCROSSED |
