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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rapid-acting insulin preparations?
Drugs, Fastest one |
Lispro insulin, insulin aspart, insulin glulsine (FASTEST), regular insulin
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Intermediate-acting insulin preparations
Drugs |
NPH, Lente Insulin
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Long-acting preparations
Drugs, constant for 24 hrs? |
Insulin glargine (constant), ultralente insulin, insulin detemir, inhaled insulin
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AR of insulin
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-local reactions
-systemic allergic rxns (rare) -hypoglycemia (main one) |
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5 reasons for increase of insulin regimen?
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1. increased metabolism
2. increase stress 3. pregnancy, 4. increase food intake and drug therapy 5. decreased exercise |
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Sulfonylureas:
drugs, MOA, AR |
drugs: tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide (longest acting), glipizide, glyburide, glymeparide
MOA: increase insulin secretion, chronic--> decrease glucagon AR; HYPOGLYCEMIA, GI upset, mm weakness |
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Repaglinide, Nateglinide
MOA, Special instructions |
MOA: same as sulfonylureas
Special: take with meals |
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Metformin (biguanides)
MOA, AR |
MOA: decreases gluconeogenesis, increase glc uptake in periphery, decrease glucagon
NEEDS insulin AR: lactic acidosis, metallic taste, GI upset, anorexia, NO HYPOGLYCEMIA |
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Acarbose, Miglitol
MOA, AR |
MOA: inh alpha glucosidase, decrease glucose uptake in stomach
AR: flatulence, GI upset, dec absorption of Fe |
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Thiazoliginediones: Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
MOA, AR |
MOA: bind to PPAR genes and increase insulin sensitization in periphery; with insulin it decreases gluconeogenesis and increases glc uptake
AR; black box warning for CHF, CYTP450 inducer |
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Sitagliptin:
MOA, AR |
MOA: inh DPP-4 and inc GLP-1 and GIP
causes: decrease appetite, dec gastric emptying, increase glc-dep insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion AR: URT infection |
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Pramlitinide:
MOA, AR |
for both Type 1 and Type 2 DM
MOA: like amylin; decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon secretion, decreases appetite AR: hypoglycemia and GI disturbances |
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Exenatide:
MOA, AR |
MOA: decreases gastric emptying, decreases appetite, inc glc dep insulin secretion, inc beta cell genesis and dec apoptosis, dec glucagon
AR: GI, hypoglycemia, need to take with food |
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Glucagon:
Uses |
severe hypoglycemia in diabetics and beta blocker overdose
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