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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is a group of metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is underused
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diabetes mellitus
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hormones that regulate blood glucose concentration
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1. insulin
2. c-peptide 3.glucagon 4. epinephrene 5. growth hormone 6. cortisol |
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RIA
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radioimmunoassay
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protein hormone produced by the B cells of lslets of langerhan
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insulin
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is an anabolic hormone that stimulates the uptake glucose into fat and muscle
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insulin
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reference interval of insulin
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12 to 150pmol/L
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fasting plasma in pmol/L
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60
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ensures the correct structure of insulin
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C-peptide or connecting peptide
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method of determination of c-peptide
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two isotope-dillution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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29 amino acid polypeptide secreted by a-cells of the pancreas.
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glucagon
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a catecholamine screted by the adrenal medulla
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epinephrene
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polypeptide secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
stimulates glucogenesis |
growth hormone
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secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to acth
stimulates gluconeogenesis and increases breakdown of fat |
addison's disease
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increased cortisol and may become hyperglycemic
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cushing's syndrome
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has adrenocortical insufficiency and may exibit hypoglycemia
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cortisol
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hormones influencing glucose metabolism
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1. thyroxine
2. somatostatin |
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secreted by the thyroid gland
stimulates glycogenolysis |
thyroxine
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14 amino acid peptide found in the gi tract
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somatostatin
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juvenile onset diabetes
results from cellular mediated autoimmune destruction of B cells |
type 1 diabetes mellitus
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deCreased ability of insulin to act on peripheral tissue.
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type 2 DM
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a decreased ability of insulin to act on peripheral tissue
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insulin resistance or syndrome x
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inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin to compensate insulin resistance
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B- cell dysfunction
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B cells increasingly unresponsive to glucose
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glucotoxicity
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chronic complication of diabetes mellitus
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macrovascular complications
microvascular complications |
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macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis
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stroke
gangrene cad |
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microvascular complication
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retinopathy
nephropathy neuropathy |
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hba1a hba1b hba1c is collectively reffered to as
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HbA1 or glycohemoglobins glycated hemoglobins
fast hemoglobins |
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ghb cannot be seperated from non glycated hb but are measured by
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boronate affinity chromatography
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