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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metformin class and mechanism of action
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Biguanide. Insulin sensitiser: increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, reduces liver glucose production |
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Metformin side effects |
Abdominal problems e.g. nausea, bloating. If impaired renal/hepatic function (eGFR >35mL/min) can cause lactic acidosis. |
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Example of a thiazolidinedione, MoA. |
Pioglitazone! Insulin sensitiser: stimulates PPARy receptor which stimulates genes for insulin sensitivity and alters lipid metabolism. |
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First drug to give in type 2 diabetes Second drug to add if control not adequate |
Metformin Sulphonylurea: gilbenclamide, gliclazide, glipizide |
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Pioglitazide side effects |
Water retention, oedema. Rarely, hepatic failure, hepatitis. |
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Third line drug in T2DM |
Insulin! Or, a thiazolidinedione ('glitazone') e.g. pioglitazone |
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Sitagliptin class and MoA |
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4). Insulin secretagogue: prevents breakdown of GLP-1 (incretin) |
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DPP4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) side effects |
Abdo pain, diarrhoea. URTI, sore throat, blocked nose. |
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Examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin analogues). Use? |
Liraglutide Exenatide Use instead of insulin in GFR high enough. Good in obese as reduce appetite. |
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Liraglutide/Exenatide MoA and class |
GLP-1 receptor agonists/incretin analogues. Insulin sensitisers. |
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Nateglinide/Repaglinide class and MoA |
Meglinitides. Insulin secratagogues, increase beta-cell insulin release through binding sulfonylurea receptor. |
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Which targets post-prandial hyperglycaemia and is good in patients with irregular mealtimes if control poor? |
Nateglinide/rapaglinide |
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Which is good for obese as lowers appetite? (class, 2 drugs) |
GLP-1 receptor agonists/incretin analogues: Exenatide Liraglutide |
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Alpha glucosidase inhibitor drug name and mechanism |
Acarbose Lowered breakdown of starch to sugar. Add on drug. Often disappointing. :( |
