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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the rapid acting insulin drugs, and what is the peak onset and duration?
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lispro (Humalog) Onset: 15 min
aspart (Novolog) Peak: 60-90 min glulisine (Apidra) Duration: 3-4 hr |
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What are the short acting insulin drugs, and what is the peak onset and duration?
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Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R, ReliOn R)
Onset: 1/2 to 1hr Peak: 2-3 hr Duration: 3-6 hr |
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What are the intermediate acting insulin drugs, and what is the peak onset and duration?
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NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N, ReliOn N)
Onset: 2-4 hr Peak: 4-10 hr Duration: 10-16 hr |
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What are the long acting insulin drugs, and what is the peak onset and duration?
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glargine( Lantus) Onset: 1-2 hr
detemir (Levemir) Peak: no pronounced peak Duration: 24+hr |
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Name the Sulfonylureas
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glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase, PresTab) glimepiride (Amaryl) |
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What is the route for Sulfonylureas?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
Weight gain, hypoglycemia |
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What is the Sulfonylureas mechanism of action?
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Stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic islets; decrease glycogenosis and gluconeogenesis; enhance cellular sensitivity to insulin
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Name the Meglitinides
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repaglinide (Prandin)
nateglinide (Starlix) |
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What is the route for Meglitinides?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
weight gain, hypoglycemia |
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What is the Meglitinides mechanism of action?
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Stimulate a rapid and short-lived release of insulin from the pancreas
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Name the Biguanides
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metformin (Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Riomet, Fortamet, Glumetza)
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What is the route for Biguanides?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
Diarrhea, lactic acidosis |
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What is the mechanism of action for Biguanides?
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↓ Rate of hepatic glucose production; augments glucose uptake by tissues, especially muscles
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What would be a special precaution for
Biguanides? |
Needs to be held 1-2 days before IV contrast media given and for 48 hr after
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Name the α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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acarbose (Precose)
miglitol (Glyset) |
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What is the route for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
Gas, abdominal pain, diarrhea |
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What is the mechanism of action for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors?
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Delay absorption of glucose from GI tract
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Name the Thiazolidinediones
Increased risk for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. |
pioglitazone (Actos)
rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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What is the route for Thiazolidinediones?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
Weight gain, edema |
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What is the mechanism of action for Thiazolidinediones?
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↑ Glucose uptake in muscle; ↓ endogenous glucose production
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What would be a special precaution for Thiazolidinediones?
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Increased risk for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Name the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
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sitagliptin (Januvia)
saxagliptin (Onglyza) |
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What is the route for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors?
What are the side effects? |
Oral
Upper respiratory tract infection, sore throat, headache, urinary tract infection, diarrhea |
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What is the mechanism of action for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors?
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Enhances the incretin system, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic β cells, and ↓ hepatic glucose production
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Name the Incretin Mimetic
Stimulates release of insulin; ↓ glucagon secretion; ↑ satiety; ↓ gastric emptying |
exenatide (Byetta)liraglutide (Victoza)
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What is the route for Incretin Mimetic
What are the side effects? |
SubQ
Nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, headache |
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What is the mechanism of action for Incretin Mimetic?
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Stimulates release of insulin; ↓ glucagon secretion; ↑ satiety; ↓ gastric emptying
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Name the Amylin Analog
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pramlintide (Symlin)
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What is the route for Amylin Analog? Where?
What are the side effects? |
Subcutaneous; only in abdomen or thigh
Hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, headache |
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What is the mechanism of action for Amylin Analog?
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↓ Gastric emptying; ↓ glucagon secretion; ↓ endogenous glucose output from liver; ↑ satiety
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Glucovance |
Oral-metformin and glyburide
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Avandamet |
Oral-rosiglitazone and metformin
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Metaglip |
Oral-metformin and glipizide
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Duetact |
Oral-pioglitazone and glimepiride
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Actoplus Met, Actoplus Met XR |
-Oral-metformin and pioglitazone
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Janumet |
Oral-metformin and sitagliptin
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route PrandiMet |
Oral-metformin and repaglinide
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Combination Therapy
Name what drugs combine with it and route Avandaryl |
Oral
-rosiglitazone and glimepiride |
