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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is DM?
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term used to describe a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
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What is fasting plasma glucose?
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no caloric intake for at least 8 hours
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What is the oral glucose tolerance test?
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administration of glucose (as
defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water or 1.75 g/kg of body weight to a maximum of 75 g |
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What is impaired glucose tolerance?
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dynamic measure of carbohydrate intolerance after a standardized glucose load; defined as 2-h postload glucose 140-199 mg/dL following OGTT
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What is impaired fasting glucose?
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= measure of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism; defined as FPG 100-125 mg/dL
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What is Type 1 DM?
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Complete destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to an absolute insulin deficiency
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What is Type 2 DM?
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May range from predominantly insulin resistant with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly secretory defect with or without insulin resistance
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What are the characteristics of Type 1 DM?
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Polygenic
Can occur anytime throughout childhood Rapid acute onset Ass w/autoimmunity Common to have ketosis |
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What are the characteristics of Type 2 DM?
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Polygenic
Onset in late puberty Onset is slow and mild Not ass w/autoimmunity Ketosis is rare Obese |
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What is the clinical presentation of DM?
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Polyuria
Polydipsia Polyphagia Blurred vision Weight loss Fatigue Dry, itchy skin Slow healing wounds |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for DM?
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Symptoms of DM with random plasma glucose over 200mg/dl
Fasting plasma glucose over 126mg/dl 2-h postload glucose over 200 during an oral glucose tolerance test **Must be confirmed on subsequent visit** |
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What is nrm fasting glucose?
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Less than 100mg/dL
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What fasting glucose is pre-DM?
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100-125mg/dL
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What fasting glucose is DM?
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126mg/dL
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What is nrm postload glucose during OGTT?
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Less than 140mg/dL
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What is postload glucose for impaired insulin tolerance (pre-diabetic)?
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140-199mg/dL
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What postload glucose during the OGTT indicates DM?
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Over 200mg/dL
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What are the management goals for DM?
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Weight loss
Increase exercise capacity Normalization of glycemia Control comorbidities Education Behavior change |
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What's the tx for Type 1 DM?
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Insulin administration
Glucose monitoring Lifestyle modification (if pt overweight) |
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What's the tx for Type 2 DM?
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Lifestyle Modification
Glucose Monitoring Pharmacologic therapy (maybe) |
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What is the action of insulin?
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Produced in beta cells in Pancreas
Increases glucose uptake in tissues Increases liver glycogen Decreases glycogenolysis Increases synthesis of fatty acids Decreases metabolism of fatty acids into ketones |
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What are the Rapid Acting Insulins?
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Aspart
Lispro Glulisine |
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What are the short acting insulins?
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Regular
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What are the intermediate acting insulins?
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NPH
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What are the long acting insulins?
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Detemir
Glargine |
