Diabetes

Front 1

ACIDOSIS

Back 1

A disturbance in the acid-base balance of the body in which there is an accumulation of acids (as in diabetic acidosis/renal disease) or an excessive loss of bicarbonate (as in renal disease)

Front 2

ALPHA CELLS

Back 2

Endocrine Islet of Langerhans cells which secrete glucagon

Front 3

BETA CELLS

Back 3

Pancreatic cells which secrete insulin

Front 4

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

Back 4

Polysaccharides and disaccharides are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides-glucose, fructose, and galactose-which are absorped into the capillaries of the villi small intestine. They are then carried to the liver where fructose and galactose are converted to glucose

Front 5

DAWN PHENOMENON

Back 5

Abrupt rise in blood glucose which occurs usually between 5-9 a.m

Front 6

FAST BLOOD SUGAR

Back 6

A test for blood sugar level used to detect disorders of metabolism

Front 7

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST

Back 7

A test done by giving a certain amount of glucose to the patient orally or intravenously. Blood samples are drawn at specified intervals and the blood glucose determined in each sample. By this means, the ability of the patient to metabolized glucose can be determined.

Front 8

GLYCOSURIA

Back 8

The presence of glucose in the urine.

Front 9

HHNKS

Back 9

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome is a sundrome in which hyperglycemia and hypersomolarity predominate, with possible alterations of the sensorium

Front 10

HORMONE

Back 10

A substance originating in an organ, gland, or part, which is conveyed through the blood to another part of the body, stimulating it by chemical action to increased functional activity and increased secretion.

Front 11

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Back 11

In crease of blood sugar as in diabetes

Front 12

HYPERINSULINISM

Back 12

An excessive amount of insulin in the blood

Front 13

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Back 13

Deficiency of sugar in the blood

Front 14

INSULIN

Back 14

1) A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Insulin is essential for the proper metabolism of blood sugar(glucose) and maintenance of the proper sugar level.
2) A preparation used in medical treatment of diabetes

Front 15

INSULIN REACTION

Back 15

hypoglycemia

Front 16

KETONURIA

Back 16

Acetone bodies in the urine

Front 17

KETOACIDOSIS

Back 17

The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood which results in metabolic acidosis

Front 18

KETOSIS

Back 18

The accumulation in the body of ketone bodies frequently assocaited with acidosis and is often miscalled acidosis. Ketosis results from the incomplete metabolsim of fatty acids

Front 19

KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS

Back 19

Very deep gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis and coma.

Front 20

POLYDIPSIA

Back 20

excessive thirst

Front 21

POLYPHAGIA

Back 21

Eating abnormally large amounts of food at a meal

Front 22

POLYURIA

Back 22

frequent and excessive amount of urination

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POSTPRANDIAL

Back 23

following a meal

Front 24

RETINOPATHY

Back 24

Any disorder of the retina

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SOMOGYI EFFECT

Back 25

A paradoxical situation in which sudden falls in blood sugar are followed by rebound hyperglycemia. Usual cause is gradual excessive administration if insulin

Front 26

TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Back 26

A metabolic disorder characterized by an absence of insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas

Front 27

TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Back 27

A metabolic disorder characterized by the relative deficiency of insulin production and a decrease in insulin action