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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How can diagnostic imaging be used to help with the kidney?
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-distinguish acute from chronic renal failure
-provide information about disease severity -prioritize the differential diagnosis the cause of renal disease will rarely be diagnosed using imaging |
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What are indications for imaging the kidneys?
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-incontinence
-hematuria -polyuria -oliguria -urolithiasis -urethral obstruction -renal enlargement or abnormal shape -assessment of renal function -transplants -removal |
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How many views do you need for view the kidneys?
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need two views
right lateral VD view |
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What kidney is seen most often?
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left
the right kidney no seen consistently because it lies in the renal fossa of the caudate lobe (silhouette sign) kidneys are mobile and may change location between exposures |
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Where are the locations of the kidneys in the cat and the dog?
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dog kindeys are more bean shaped
T-12-L2 right L1-L3 left cat - kidneys are more round L1-L3 both kidneys |
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How do you estimate kidney size?
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often estimated by normalizing length against L2 in VD view
this is just an estimate |
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What is excretory urography?
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a contrast procedure to evaluate the kidneys and ureters
provides morphologic and functional information morphologic info is more useful |
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How do you prepare a patient for a excretory urogram?
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hydration deficits are corrected
give enemas be fasted maintain IV catheter in case renal function declines due to contrast medium |
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What are contraindications of excretory urogram?
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azotemia and dehydration
pheochromocytoma multiple myeloma prior allergic reactions to contrast |
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What is the protocol for excretory urograms?
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-survey radiographs
-inject contrast medium rapidly -intermediate VD radiograph -lateral and VD radiographs at 5, 20 and 40 minutes |
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What are the phases of the excretory urogram?
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nephrogram - opacification of functinal renal parenchyma
pyelogram - opacification of pelvic recesses, renal pelves and ureters cystogram - crude yet helpful |
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What are EU excellent at assessing?
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UT trauma
-renal rupture -urethral rupture -bladder rupture |
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What is an ectopic ureter?
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-serious problem in a small number of pets
-difficult to diagnose radiographically -small endoscope have made a difference -using EU is challenging EU/CT -vaginography |
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What is a vaginography?
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retrograde filling of the vestibule and vagina with water soluble contrast medium
used for etopic ureters, vaginal stricture (vestibulovaginal stenosis) and ureathral/vaginal mucosal lesions |
