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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What vertebrae does the diaphram attache to?
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L 3-4
there are two crura and a large cupula (body) the caudal vena cava enters on the right crux |
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How many openings are there in the diaphragm?
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three
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What dunes through the openings of the diaphragm?
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-aorta
-vena cava -nerves -esophagus -thoracic duct -azygos vein |
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What view will the diaphragm appear to be crossing over? Parallel?
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left
right |
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What is the left cruz adjacent to?
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fundus of the stomach
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Where does the diaphragm intersect the vertebrae?
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T11-T13
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What are possible reasons that the diaphragm can be displaced cranially?
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disease
obesity |
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What is a diaphragmatic hernia?
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abdominal viscera protrude through diaphragm
most commonly due to trauma |
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What are the two types of diaphragmatic hernias? Types of congenital?
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Acquired and congenital
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic, hiatal, gastroesophageal intussusception |
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What is the abnormality of the peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia?
What structures will silhouette? |
Abdominal viscera protrude through diaphragm, due to congenital hiatus
Pericardium and diaphragm |
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How does the VD position effect the diaphragm? DV position? Adding a grid without adjusting the exposure factors, will result in an under or overexposed radiograph?
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Crura will be pushed forward because it is located dorsally
Cupulla will be pushed forward because it is located ventrally |
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You add a grid for your 2nd exposure to the same patent.
How do you have to adjust your exposure factor? |
Increase mAs (use grid to reduces scatter and reduces the primary beam)
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Adding a grid without adjusting the exposure factors, will result in an under or overexposed radiograph?
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underexposed radiograph
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What is a hiatal hernia? What are the two types?
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When the stomach enters thorax through esophageal hiatus
Sliding and Paraesophageal |
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What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
Who is it most common in? Is this static or dynamic? |
When gastroesophageal sphincter and cardia herniates
Young animals Dynamic- intermittent |
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What is a paraesophageal hernia?
Is gastroesophageal sphincter in normal position? What breed is this common in? |
Cardia or fundus of stomach herniates along side of esophagus
Yes Char Pei |
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What is a gastroesophageal hernia? What are predisposing factors?
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Stomach herniates into caudal esophagus
Male, German Shep, megaesophagus |
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What can ticks or pedunculated soft tissue nodules mimic?
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Lung nodules
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What is pectus excavatum?
What does this cause (2)? Who is this more common in dogs/cats? |
Mild to severe displacement of caudal sternal vertebrae
Reduced sized of thoracic cavity and displacement of heart Cats |
