Dhy 125 Test 1

Front 1

What's the goal of electrically powered devices?

Back 1

electronically powered devices were developed with the goal of making calculus removal easier and faster with less patient discomfort and clinician fatigue

Front 2

what are the two types of electronically powered devices:

Back 2

sonic and ultrasonic

Front 3

__ headpieces attach to the dental unit's and compressed airlines

Back 3

Sonic headpieces attach to the dental unit's and compressed airlines

Front 4

___ devices have an electric generator and do not need to be connected to the dental unit

Back 4

ultrasonic devices have an electric generator and do not need to be connected to the dental unit

Front 5

two types of ultrasonic devices are?

Back 5

two types of ultrasonic devices are 1. magnestostrictive and 2.piezoelectric ultrasonic units

Front 6

a constant stream of water exits near the point of the electronically powered instrument tip. this water stream within the periodontal pockets is termed ___?

Back 6

a constant stream of water exits near the point of the electronically powered instrument tip. this water stream within the periodontal pockets is termed fluid lavage

Front 7

the fluid stream flowing through the powered instrument tip produces two effects that are unique to powered instruments: ___ and ___

Back 7

the fluid stream flowing through the powered instrument tip produces two effects that are unique to powered instruments: cavitation and acoustic tubulance

Front 8

___ is the formation of tiny bubbles in the fluid; when these tiny bubbles collapse, they produce a shock waves that destroy bacteria by tearing the bacterial cell walls or cell lysis

Back 8

cavitation is the formation of tiny bubbles in the fluid; when these tiny bubbles collapse, they produce a shock waves that destroy bacteria by tearing the bacterial cell walls

Front 9

___ is swirling effect produced within the confined space of periodontal pocket by the continuous stream of fluid flowing over the vibrating instrument tip. this intense swirling effect disrupts the plaque biofilm

Back 9

acoustic turbulence is swirling effect produced within the confined space of periodontal pocket by the continuous stream of fluid flowing over the vibrating instrument tip. this intense swirling effect disrupts the plaque biofilm

Front 10

(4) limitations of electronically powered instrumentation

Back 10

1. aerosol production:generate high levels of contaminated aerosols
2. effects on cardiac pacemakers:magnetostrictive ulrasonic instruments and ultrosonic bath cleaners may interfere with certain styles of pacemakers *Piezoelectric do not generate magnetic field
3.reduced tactile sensitivity
4.infection control

Front 11

__ refers to how many times the electronically powered instrument tip vibrates per second

Back 11

Frequency refers to how many times the electronically powered instrument tip vibrates per second
*windshield wipers: slow setting only goes back and forth a few times/ high setting goes lots of time

Front 12

__ refers to how far the instrument tip moves during one cycle also called amplitude

Back 12

Stroke refers to how far the instrument tip moves during one cycle also called amplitude
*pushing someone on the swing/harder you push higher the person goes

Front 13

__power setting delivers longer, more forceful stroke, __power setting deliver a shorter less powerful stroke

Back 13

Higher power setting delivers longer, more forceful stroke, Lower power setting deliver a shorter less powerful stroke

Front 14

components of magnetostrictive inserts
metal stacks:
o ring
handle grip
water outlet
working end

Back 14

metal stack-convert electrical power into mechanical vibrations
o ring-seal that keeps water flowing through the insert rather than flowing out the hand piece
handle grip-portion of the insert grasped by the clinician
water outlet-provide water
working end-portion of the instrument insert used for calculus removal and deplaquing

Front 15

__ __ contains, in addition to Bis-GMA, microparticles of glass, quartz, silica, and other fillers used in composite restorations; fillers make the sealant more resistant to abrasion

Back 15

Filled sealant contains, in addition to Bis-GMA, microparticles of glass, quartz, silica, and other fillers used in composite restorations; fillers make the sealant more resistant to abrasion

Front 16

_____ in general, the resistance to flow or alteration of shape by any substance as a result of molecular cohesion

Back 16

Viscosity: in general, the resistance to flow or alteration of shape by any substance as a result of molecular cohesion

Front 17

(3) Purpose of the Sealant

Back 17

1.To provide a physical barrier to “seal off” the pit or fissure.
2.To prevent oral bacteria and their nutrients from collecting within the pit or fissure to create the acid environment necessary for the initiation of dental caries.
3.To fill the pit or fissure as deep as possible and provide tight smooth margins at the junction with the enamel surface

Front 18

Classification of Types of Sealant Materials
A majority of sealants in clinical use are made of ___ -___

Back 18

A majority of sealants in clinical use are made of Bis-GMA (bisphenol A–glycidyl methylacrylate

Front 19

The three types of sealants currently available __, __, __

Back 19

The three types of sealants currently available are filled, unfilled, and fluoride-releasing filled.

Front 20

Classification by Method of Polymerization
Self-cured or Autopolymerized
Preparation:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Back 20

Preparation: the material is supplied in two parts. When the two are mixed they quickly polymerize (harden).
Advantages: no special equipment required.
Disadvantages: mixing required; working time limited because polymerization begins when the material is mixed

Front 21

Classification by Method of Polymerization
Visible-Light–Cured or Photopolymerized
Preparation:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Back 21

-Preparation: the material hardens when exposed to a special curing light.
-Advantages: no mixing required; increased working time due to control over start of polymerization.
-Disadvantages: extra costs and disinfection time required for curing light, protective shields, and/or glasses.

Front 22

Classification by Filler Content
Filled

Purpose of filler:
Fillers:
Effect:

Back 22

Purpose of filler: to increase bond strength and increase resistance to abrasion and wear.
Fillers: glass and quartz particles give hardness and strength to resist occlusal forces.
Effect: viscosity of the sealant is increased. Flow into the depth of a fissure varies

Front 23

The thicker the filled the __ viscosity and __ wetting

Back 23

The thicker the filled the more viscosity and low wetting

Front 24

Classification by Filler Content

-Clear, does not contain particles.
-Less resistant to abrasion and wear.
-May not require occlusal adjustment when placed, so at an advantage during school and community health programs where sealants are placed.

Back 24

Classification by Filler Content
Unfilled
-Clear, does not contain particles.
-Less resistant to abrasion and wear.
-May not require occlusal adjustment when placed, so at an advantage during school and community health programs where sealants are placed.

Front 25

Classification by Filler Content

Purpose: enhance caries resistance.
Action: remineralization of incipient caries at base of pit or fissure.

Back 25

Classification by Filler Content
Fluoride-Releasing
Purpose: enhance caries resistance.
Action: remineralization of incipient caries at base of pit or fissure.

Front 26

Classification by Color of sealants
Available:___,___,___

Back 26

Classification by Color of sealants
Available: clear, tinted, and opaque.

Front 27

Contraindications of sealants (2)

Back 27

Contraindications of sealants (2)
1. Radiographic evidence of proximal dental caries.
2. Pit and fissures are well coalesced and self-cleansing; low caries risk.

Front 28

Purposes of Isolation for doing a sealant

Back 28

Purpose of isolation for doing a sealant is to: Keep the tooth clean and dry for optimal action and bonding of the sealant

Front 29

Etch Forms the most common __ __

Back 29

Most common form of etch Phosphoric acid: 15% to 50%, depends on product and manufacturer

Front 30

Etch Forms Gel
thick consistency allows ___ visibility

Back 30

Etch Forms Gel
thick consistency allows increase visibility

Front 31

Etch timing varies from __ to __

Back 31

Etch timing varies from 15 to 60 second

Front 32

Completion of Etching steps:

Back 32

Completion of Etching steps:
-Rinse thoroughly; apply suction to prevent saliva from reaching the etched surface
Dry for 15 to 20 seconds; maintain dry -isolation ready for sealant application

Front 33

Curing time for sealant
Timing:__ to __ seconds in accord with manufacturer's instructions

Back 33

Curing time for sealant
Timing: 20 to 30 seconds in accord with manufacturer's instructions

Front 34

The organic resin matrix used in composite restoration is composed of a)polymethyl methacrylate (PMM) b)vinyl silane c)polystyrene d)bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BIS-GMA)

Back 34

D) bisphenol A- glycidyl methacrylate (BIS-GMA)
~ BIS- GMA is the organic resin matrix that is used in composite restoration

Front 35

The acid etching technique used for placement of pit & fissure sealnts involves: a)10-20% boric acid b) 30-50% phosphoric acid c)40-50% maleic acid d)10-20% phosphoric acid

Back 35

B) 30- 50% phosphoric acid
~ what the acid etching technique involves when used for sealants

Front 36

Pit and fissure sealants are indicated for which of the following conditions? a)tooth which a faulty restoration is present b)tooth which interproximal caries are present c)tooth w/ shallow occlusal pits & fissures d)tooth w/ deep occlusal pit & fissures

Back 36

d) a tooth w/ deep occlusal pits & fissures
~ conditions that indicate a need for pit & fissure sealants

Front 37

Which of the following is NOT true of self-curing pit& fissure sealants? A) requires 2 compounds that are mixed together B)has more working time than light cured sealants
C)tooth needs to be etched prior to application D) tooth needs to be dried prior to applicaiton E)can reduce need for occlusal restorations of molars by up to 50%

Back 37

B)has more working time than light cured sealants
~an advantage of light cured sealant over self cured is the increased working time to place sealant. Self cured require mixing of 2 components.

Front 38

Pit & Fissure sealants are used to do which of the following? A) chemically bond to pit& fissures of post. teeth
B) reduce occlusal caries by 75% on molars C) act as barrier against bacteria D) reduce interproximal caries by 50% on molars

Back 38

C) act as barrier against bacteria
~ action of pit & fissure sealants

Front 39

What is the range of movement at the tip of the working end for most sonic scalers? a)5,000-7,000cps b)25,000-30,000cps C)40-50,000cps D)20-50,000cps

Back 39

a) 5,000-7,000 cycles/ sec
range of movement @tip of working end for most sonic scalers

Front 40

The two types of machines for ultrasonic scaling are magnetostrictives and piezoelectric. Magnetostrictive ultrasonic convert electrical power to tip movement through magnetic oscillations& have a generally elliptical pattern of tip movement, while pizoelectric units use a crystal to convert electricity to movement& generally have linear tip movement pattern. a)both are T
b) both are F c)1st is T 2nd is F d)1st is F 2nd is True

Back 40

A) Both statements are true

Front 41

Slim/ thin style ultrasonic tips are the BEST choice for which kinds of deposits? a)heavy calculus& light calculus b)heavy calculus&plaque C)light calculus& plaque D)all deposits

Back 41

C) Light calculus & plaque
~ what slim/ thin style tips ultrasonic tips are best choice for these deposits

Front 42

When beginning ultrasonic instrumentation on a tooth w/ both supra& sub calculus, one would typically begin on the more apical calulus and end with the more coronal. Sub plaque removal is atleast as effective w/ ultrasonic instruments as w/manual instruments if you are thorough with both. a)both are True b)both are F c)1st is T,2nd is F d) 1st is F, 2nd is T

Back 42

D) 1st statement is false and the 2nd statement is true

Front 43

while not essential for successful treatment, a standard pen grasp & soft tissue fulcrum are recommended for use w/ ultrasonic instrumentation because they: A)foster lighter working stroke B) improve penetration of fluid to base of pocket C)gentler to soft tissue D)prevent operator fatique

Back 43

A) foster a lighter working stroke

Front 44

Why is it critical that the point of the ultrasonic tip never be adapted to the root surface? A) It can gouge& permanently damage root surface B)generates too much heat C)not effective in deposit removal D)uncomfortable for the operator

Back 44

A) It can gouge & permanently damage the root surface
~why the point of ultrasonic tip never be adapted to root surface

Front 45

What is the main reason instrumentation with an ultrasonic takes less time than manual instrumentation? A)fewer strokes needed B)clinician tires less easily C)less pressure needed D) strokes are performed more easily

Back 45

D) strokes are performed more easily
~the reason ultrasonic instrumentation takes less time

Front 46

All of the following may be considered a contraindication for the use of an ultrasonic scaler EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a)implant surface b)obligatory mouth breather c) shielded pacemaker d)newly erupted teeth

Back 46

C) shielded pacemaker

Front 47

When used with reasonable skill & care, which of following is generally considered acceptable to treat w/ an ultrasonic scaler? a)Amalgam b)Composite c)Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown d)aesthetic veneer

Back 47

A) Amalgam - can be treated with an ultrasonic scaler

Front 48

Proper ultrasonic scaling technique is best described by which of the following? A)light strokes pressuure& horizontal strokes B) light stroke pressure& multidirectional strokes C)adaptation on point of tip & multidirectional strokes D)adaptation on point of tip & horizontal strokes

Back 48

B) light stroke pressure & multidirectional stroke
~ proper ultrasonic scaling technique

Front 49

When placing a pit & fissure sealant, a topical fluoride...
a)should be applied before sealant is placed
b)should be applied after sealant is place
c) should be applied 1 month post sealant placement

Back 49

B) fluoride should be applied immediately after sealant is placed

Front 50

For removal of heavy ledge of calculus on lingual surface of mand anterior teeth, which of following combo's is best tip/power combination? a)slim/thin style tip @ medium to high power
b) slim/thin style tip @ low to medium power
c) standard tip @ med to high power
d) standard tip @ low to med power

Back 50

C) standard tip @medium to high power
~ removal of heavy ledge of calculus on lingual of mand anterior teeth

Front 51

When etching a tooth for sealant placement, deciduous teeth are etched for a longer period of time than are permanent teeth. Rinsing a saliva- contaminated etched surface immediately prior to sealant placement will remova the contamination. a) both are T b) both are F c) 1st is T 2nd is F d) 1st is F 2nd is T

Back 51

c) 1st statement is true 2nd statement is false

Front 52

What are some contraindications for power instrumentation?

Back 52

~Communicable disease
~High susceptibility to infection
~ respiratory risk
~ Pacemaker
~Difficulty in swallowing or prone to gagging
~Age(primary&newly erupted teeth have large chambers& can be damaged by vibrations/heat produced by ultrasonic instrumentation
~ Oral conditions- avoid contact of instrument tip w/ hypersensitive teeth, porclein crowns, composite resin restorations, demineralized enamel surfaces, or exposed dentinal surfaces

Front 53

What are the advantages of using powered instrumentation over hand instrumentation? (8)

Back 53

1. removal of calculus
2. removal of plaque
3. access to furcation-slim diameter more effective in treating class 2&3 furcation
4. conservation of cementum- powered causes less damage
5. pocket penetration- penetrate deeper than hand
6. Irrigation(lavage)-washes toxic free floating bacteria out of the pocket
7. Bactericidal effect- produces cavitation&acoustic turbulence
8. shorter instrumentation time

Front 55

The active tip ranges from approximately __ to __ mm of length of the instrument tip?

Back 55

active tip ranges from 2-4 mm of length of the instrument tip
~this means that the power to remove calculus is concentrated in the last 2 to 4 mm of the length of the tip

Front 56

___ ___ agitation in the fluids surrounding a rapidly vibrating ultrasonic tip; has potential to disrupt the bacterial matrix

Back 56

Acoustic turbulence: agitation in the fluids surrounding a rapidly vibrating ultrasonic tip; has potential to disrupt the bacterial matrix

Front 57

____ action created by the formation and collapse of bubbles in the water by high-frequency sound waves surrounding an ultrasonic tip.

Back 57

Cavitation: action created by the formation and collapse of bubbles in the water by high-frequency sound waves surrounding an ultrasonic tip.

Front 58

____ the therapeutic washing of the pocket and root surface to remove endotoxins and loose debris

Back 58

Lavage: the therapeutic washing of the pocket and root surface to remove endotoxins and loose debris

Front 59

_____ ultrasonic scaling device that generates a magnetic field and produces tip vibrations by the expansion and contraction of a metal stack or rod

Back 59

Magnetostrictive: ultrasonic scaling device that generates a magnetic field and produces tip vibrations by the expansion and contraction of a metal stack or rod

Front 60

_____ ultrasonic scaling device activated by dimensional changes in crystals housed in the handpiece

Back 60

Piezoelectric: ultrasonic scaling device activated by dimensional changes in crystals housed in the handpiece

Front 61

____ ____ type of mechanical power-driven scaler that functions from energy delivered by a vibrating working tip in the frequency of 2500 to 7000 cycles per second; driven by compressed air, the handpiece connects directly to a conventional rotary handpiece tubing

Back 61

Sonic scaler: type of mechanical power-driven scaler that functions from energy delivered by a vibrating working tip in the frequency of 2500 to 7000 cycles per second; driven by compressed air, the handpiece connects directly to a conventional rotary handpiece tubing

Front 62

___ ___ power-driven scaling instrument that operates in a frequency range between 25,000 to 50,000 cycles per second to convert a high-frequency electrical current into mechanical vibrations

Back 62

Ultrasonic scaler: power-driven scaling instrument that operates in a frequency range between 25,000 to 50,000 cycles per second to convert a high-frequency electrical current into mechanical vibrations

Front 63

Ultrasonic Scaling Devices
Two Types

Back 63

Ultrasonic Scaling Devices
1.Magnetostrictive ultrasonic scalers.
2.Piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers.

Front 64

Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Scalers
Tip Motion

Back 64

Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Scalers
Tip Motion
Conventional tip moves in an elliptical pattern; all surfaces of the tip are active

Front 65

Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers
Tip Motion:

Back 65

Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers
-Tip Motion: moves in a linear pattern, forward and backward
-Only the lateral surfaces of the tip are active

Front 66

Sonic Scaling Devices
Tip Motion

Back 66

Sonic Scaling Devices
tip motion
-Moves in an elliptical pattern.
-All surfaces of the tip are active

Front 67

type of pressure used with electronically powered instrumentation

Back 67

light lateral pressure and relaxed grasp used for calculus removal

Front 68

Most powerful surface of the tip to least powerful part of tip

Back 68

most to least powerful surface of the tip:
-point of tip
-concave
-convex
-lateral surface

Front 69

When is Amalgam polishing is done?

Back 69

Amalgam polishing is done when there is corrosion or amalgam tarnish

Front 70

Purpose of amalgam polishing?

Back 70

Purpose of amalgam polishing is to remove any surface irregularity

Front 71

Why do we want to make amalgam smooth?

Back 71

Want to make amalgam smooth to increase longevity of restoration