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238 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The probing death measured from a fixed point, such as the CEJ?
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clinical attachment level
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A space between two natural adjacent teeth?
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diastema
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Abnormal thickening of the keratin level of the epithelium?
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hyperkeratosis
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Abnormal increase in volume of a tissue or organ caused by formation and growth of new normal cells?
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hyperplasia
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Increase in size of tissue or organ caused by an increase in size of its constituent cells?
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hypertrophy
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Development of a horny layer of flattened epithelial cells containing keratin?
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keratinization
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Act of chewing?
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mastication
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A fluid product of inflammation that contains leukocytes, degenerated tissue elements, tissue fluids, and microorganisms?
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pus
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The pitted, orange-peel appearance frequently seen on the surface of the attached ginigva?
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stippling
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Formation of pus?
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suppuration
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Part of the tooth above the attached periodontal tissue, where clinical treatment procedures are applied?
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clinical crown
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The part of the tooth below the base of the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket?
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clinical root
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The part of the tooth covered by enamel?
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anatomic crown
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The part of the tooth covered by cementum?
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anatomic root
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What covers the gingiva and the hard palate, the areas used during mastication?
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masticatory mucosa
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Is masticatory mucosa keratinized or non-keratinized?
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keratinized
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What covers the inner surfaces of the lips and cheeks, the floor of the mouth, the under side of the tongue, the soft palate, and the alvolar mucosa?
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lining mucosa
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Is masticatory mucosa attached or not attached?
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attached
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Is lining mucosa attached or not attached?
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not attached
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Is lining mucosa keratinized or non-keratinized?
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non-keratinized
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What covers the dorsum of the tongue and is composed of many papillaes?
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specialized mucosa
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What are the threadlike keratinized elevations that cover the dorsal surface of the tongue; they are the most numerous?
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flilform
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What are the mushroom shaped papillae, interspersed among the filiform papillae on the tip and sides of the tongue?
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fungiform
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What are the 10 to 14 large round papillae arranged in a "V" between the body of the tongue?
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circumvallate
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What are the vertical grooves on the lateral posterior sides of the tongue?
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foliate
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What are the 4 parts of the periodontium?
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gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and bone
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What is the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth to the alveolar bone?
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periodontal ligament
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What are the fibers that are inserted into the cementum on one side and the alveolar bone on the other side?
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sharpey's fibers
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What gingival fiber is from the cementum in the cervical region into the free gingiva to give support to the gingival?
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dentogingival fibers
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What gingival fiber is from the alveolar crest into the free and attached gingiva to provide support?
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alveologingival fibers
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What gingival fiber is continuous around the neck of the tooth to help to maintain the tooth in position?
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circumferential fibers
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What gingival fiber is from the cervical cementum over the alveolar crest to blend with fibers of the periosteum of the bone?
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dentoperiosteal fibers
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What gingival fiber is from the cervical area of one tooth across to an adjacent tooth to provide resistance to separation of teeth?
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transseptal fibers
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What principal fiber is from the root apex to adjacent surrounding bone to resist vertical forces?
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apical fibers
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What principal fiber is from teh root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected strong forces?
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oblique fibers
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What principal fibers are from the cementum in the middle of the each root to adjacent alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth?
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horizontal fibers
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What principal fiber is from teh alveolar crest to the cementum just below the cementoenamel junction to resist intrusive forces?
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alveolar crest fibers
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What principal fiber group is from cementum between the roots of multirooted teeth to the adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces?
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interradicular fibers
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What is a clacified connective tissue that covers the tooth from the cementoenamel junction to, and around, the apical formation?
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cementum
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What is the function of cementum?
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-seal the tubules of the root dentin
-provide attachment for the periodontal fiber groups |
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Vascular and nerve connections are missing, therefore cementum is what?
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insensitive
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What consisits of lamina dura, which surrounds the tooth socket, and the supporting bone?
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alveolar bone
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When teeth are lost the alveolar bone is what?
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resorbed
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What is the part of the masticatory mucosa that surrounds the necks of the teeth and is attached to the teeth and the alveolar bone?
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gingiva
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What is a shallow linear groow that demarcates the free from the attached gingiva?
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free gingival groove
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Oral epithelium is composed of what?
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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What covers the free gingiva?
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oral epithelium
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What is the continuation of the oral epithelium covering the free gingiva?
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sulcular epithelium
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What is the average depth of a healthy sulcus?
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1.8 mm
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What is the depth of a healthy sulci?
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0.5 mm
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What is a cuff like band of stratified squamous epithelium that is continuous with the sulcular epithelium and completely encircles the tooth?
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junctional epithelium
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Where is junctional epithelium widest?
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junction
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What is junctional epithelium at the cross section?
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triangular
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Is junctional epithelium keratinized or non keratinized?
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not keratinized
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What is the thickness of junctional epithelium where it joins the sulcular epithelium and at the apical end?
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15-20 cells
1-2 cells (apical end) |
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When a tooth erupts where is the junctional epithelium attachment?
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on the enamel
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During eruption, the junctional epithelium migrates wehre?
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toward CEJ
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What is the distance between the base of the attachment and the crest of the alveolar bone?
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1.0 to 1.5 mm
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An interproximal area is also called what?
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embrasure
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What occupies the interproximal area between two adjacent teeth?
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interdental gingiva
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What type of embrasure is the gingival fills the area?
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Type 1
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What type of embrasure is when there is slight to moderate recession of the interdental papilla?
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Type 2
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What type of embrasure is when there is extensive recession or complete loss of the papilla?
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Type 3
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What is a depression between the lingual or palatal and facial papillae that conforms to the proximal contact area?
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col
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What is a col more susceptible to infection?
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not keratinized
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Where does most periodontal infection begin?
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col area
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What is continuous with the oral epithelium of the free gingiva and is covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
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attached gingiva
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Where is attached gingiva firmly bound to?
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underlying cementum and alveolar bone
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Where is a mucogingival line found?
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facial surface of all quadrants and lingual surface of the mandibular arch
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What appears as a line that marks the connection between the attached gingiva and alvolar mucosa?
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mucogingival junction
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What is moveable tissue loosely attached to the underlying bone?
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alveolar mucosa
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What is the description of alveolar mucosa?
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smooth, shiny surface with nonkeratinized thin epithelium
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What is the color of clinically normal gingiva?
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pale or coral pink
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What type of gingival margin is of a normal gingiva?
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knife-edged
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What type of sulcus is of a clinically normal gingiva?
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stippling, firmness, and minimal sulcus depth with no bleeding when probed
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Severity of gingiva is expressed as what?
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slight, moderate, or severe
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What term is used for the gingiva that is involved only about a single tooth or a specific group of teeth?
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localized
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What term for gingiva is used when about all of the teeth of nearly all of the teeth are involved throughout the mouth, or a single arch?
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generalized
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What is the name for the change that is confined to the free or marginal gingiva?
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marginal
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What is the name for that change that involves a papilla but not the rest of the free gingiva around a tooth?
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papillary
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What is the name for spread out, dispersed, affects the gingival margin, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae?
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diffuse
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When doing a gingival examination what color should the gingiva be?
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pale pink
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What factors influene gingiva color?
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vascular supply, thinkness of epithelium, degree of keratinization, physiologic pigmentation
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What is happening if gingiva is dark red, bluish red, magenta or deep blue?
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chronic inflammation
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What is happening if the gingiva is bright red?
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actue inflammation
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What is happening when deep involvement can be expected when diffuse color changes extend into the attached gingiva?
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extent
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What is the size of healthy free gingiva?
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flat, not enlarged
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What type of healthy gingiva follows a curved line around each tooth, may be straighter along wide molar surfaces?
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free gingiva
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The margin of healthy free gingiva is what?
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knife-edged
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When disease what is rounded or rolled?
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free gingiva
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When diseased, what is blunted, flattened, bulbous, or cratered?
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papillae
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What is an enlargement of the marginal gingiva with the formation of a lifesaver like gingival prominence?
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festoon
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What is a localized recession that may be "V" shaped, apostrophe shaped, or form a slitlike indentation?
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clefts
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The surface texture of healthy free gingiva is what?
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smooth
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The surface texture of healthy attached gingiva is what?
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stippled
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The surface texture of healthy interdental gingiva is what?
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free gingiva is smooth
center portion of each papilla is stippled |
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The surface texture may change due to what, causing a loss of stippling, whith smooth shiny surface?
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inflammatory changes
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What may result in leathery, hard, or nodule surface for the gingival texture?
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hyperkeratosis
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Gingiva tissue may be hard or fibrotic, with a normal pink color and normal or deep stipling, which is caused by what?
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chronic disease
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What is shown by the position of the attachement level?
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actual recession
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What is the exposed root surface that is visible on clinical examination?
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visible recession
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What is the color of healthy children's gingiva?
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pink or slightly red
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What is the shape of healthy children's gingiva?
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thick, rounded, or rolled
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What is the surface texture of healthy children's gingiva?
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may or may not have stippling
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In mixed dentition, free gingiva may appear what?
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rolled or rounded, slightly reddend, shiny, lack of firmness
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What type of mirror surface may produce a double image?
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plane (flat)
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What type of mirror surface is magnifying?
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concave
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What type of mirror surface has the reflecting surface on the front of the lens rather than on the back?
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front surface
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Probing depth as measured from the CEJ to the location of the probe tip at the coronal level of attached periodontal tissues?
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clinical attachment level
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A slender stainless steel instrument with a fine flexible, sharp point used for examination of the surfaces of the teeth to detect irregularities?
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explorer
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A vibration perceptible by palpation?
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fremitus
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A smooth, slender instrument usually round in diameter with a rounded tip designed for examinationof the teeth and soft tissues?
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probe
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The distance from the gingival margin to the location of the periodontal probe tip at the coronal border, or attached periodontal tissues?
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probing depth
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Pertaining to the touch?
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tactile
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What is the purpose of a mouth mirror?
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provide indirect vision
indirect illumination transillumination retraction |
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What type of working end does a probe have?
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straight working end
curved working end |
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What is a diseased gingival sulcus?
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pocket
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A pocket is measured from what to what?
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base of the pocket to the gingival margin
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Probing depth may be deepest where?
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directly under the contact area
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Why does the probe insert to a deeper level when there is peridontal disease?
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diseased tissue offers less resistance
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When the probe is at the base of the sulcus or crevice, at the coronal en of the junctional epithelium, the pocket is what?
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normal healthy tissue
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When the probe tip is within the junctional epithelium, the pocket is what?
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gingivitis and early periodontitis
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When the probe tip passes through the juncitonal epithelium to reach attached connective tissue, the pocket is what?
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advanced periodontitis
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Measurment for a probing depth is made from what to what?
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gingival margin to the attached periodontal tissue
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What refers to the position of the periodontal attached tissues at the base of a sulcus or pocket?
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attachment level
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What occurs in disease as the junctional epithelium migrates toward the apex?
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loss of attachment
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What number is used at the level of the CEJ?
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zero
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What is the purpose and uses of an explorer?
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detect by tactile sense
-examine the supragingival -examine the subgingival -define the extent of instrumentation needed -evaluate the completeness of treatment |
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What is used when recording normal, physiologic degree of movement?
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N
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What is used when recording slight mobility, greater than normal degree of movement?
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1
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What is used when recording moderate mobility, greater than 1 mm displacement for degree of movement?
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3
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What is used when recording sever mobility, may move in all directions, vertical as well as horizontal?
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4
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An accumulation of excessive fluid in cells, tissues, or a serous cavity?
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edema
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Inflammation of the gingival tissue?
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gingivitis
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Resulting from treatment by a professional person?
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Iatrogenic
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Any pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part?
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lesion
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Inflammation in the periodontium affecting gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, cementum, and supporting bone?
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periodontitis
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Permitting passage of a fluid?
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permeable
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Not readily responsive to treatment?
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refractory
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A poison, proten produced by certain animals, higher plants, and pathogenic bacteria?
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toxin
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Dryness of the mouth from a lack of normal secretion?
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xerostomia
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What type of infection occurs within 2 to 4 days off irritation from bacterial accumulation?
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initial lesion
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What type of infection occurs within 7 to 14 days, breakdown of collagen fiber, and epithelium proliferates?
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early lesion
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What type of infection has fluid and leukocyte migration into tissues and sulcus increase and formation of pocket epithelium?
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established lesion
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What infection occurs when bacteria from supragingival biofilm enter the sulcus and provide the source for subgingival biofilm?
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advanced lesion
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What is a diseased sulcus?
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pocket
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What is the coronal margin of the attached periodontal tissues?
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base of the pocket
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What is a pocket formed by gingival enlargment without apical migration of the junctional epithelium?
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gingival pocket
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What is a pocket formed as a result of disease or degeneration that caused the junctional epithelium to migrate apically along the cementum?
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periodontal pocket
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What is a pocket in which the base of the pocket is coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone?
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suprabony
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What is a pocket in which the base of the pocket is below or apical to the crest of the alveolar bone?
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intrabony
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What is found in a pocket?
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microorganisms
gingival sulcus fluid desquamated epithelial cells leukocytes purulent exudate |
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Cementum overlaps enamel in % of teeth?
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60-65%
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Cementum and enamel meet directly in what % of teeth?
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30%
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A small zone of dentin may be between the cementum and enamel in what % of teeth?
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5-10%
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What class is early, beginning involvement, a probe can enter the furcation area, and the anatomy of the root on either side can be felt by moving the probe side to side?
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Class I
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What class has moderate involvement, bone has been destroyed to an extent that permits a probe to enter the furcation area but not to pass through between the roots?
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Class II
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What has severe involvement, a probe can be passed between the roots through the entire furcation?
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Class III
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What has exposure resulting from gingival recession, especially after periodontal therapy (furcation)?
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Class IV
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A factor that is the actual cause of a disease or condition?
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etiologic factor
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A factor that renders a person susceptible to a disease or condition?
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predisposing factor
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A factor that lends assistance to, supplements, or adds to a condition or disease?
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contributing factors
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An exposure that increases the probability that disease will occur?
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risk factor
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A factor in the immediate environment of the oral cavity or specifically in the environment of the teeth or periodontium?
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local factor
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A factor that results from or is influenced by a general physical or mental disease or condition?
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systemic factor
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What is the primary etiologic factor in the development of gingival and periodontal diseases?
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dental biofilm
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What dental factors are contributors in disease development?
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tooth surface irregularities
tooth contour |
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What has severe involvement, a probe can be passed between the roots through the entire furcation?
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Class III
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What has exposure resulting from gingival recession, especially after periodontal therapy (furcation)?
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Class IV
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A factor that is the actual cause of a disease or condition?
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etiologic factor
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A factor that renders a person susceptible to a disease or condition?
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predisposing factor
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A factor that lends assistance to, supplements, or adds to a condition or disease?
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contributing factors
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An exposure that increases the probability that disease will occur?
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risk factor
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A factor in the immediate environment of the oral cavity or specifically in the environment of the teeth or periodontium?
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local factor
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A factor that results from or is influenced by a general physical or mental disease or condition?
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systemic factor
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What is the primary etiologic factor in the development of gingival and periodontal diseases?
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dental biofilm
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What dental factors are contributors in disease development?
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tooth surface irregularities
tooth contour tooth position dental prostheses |
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What gingiva factors are contributors in disease development?
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position
size and contour effect of mouth breathing |
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What other factors are contributors in dease development?
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personal oral care
diet and eating habits |
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What are risk factors for periodontal disease?
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effects of certain drugs
tobacco diabetes other systemic conditions |
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Production and development of enamel?
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amelogenesis
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Disease of the mineralized structures of the teeth characterized by demineralization of the hard components and dissolution of the organic matrix?
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dental caries
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Carious lesions that has become stationary and does not show a tendency to progress further; frequently has a hard surface and takes on a dark brown or reddish-brown color?
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arrested caries
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What occurs on a surface not previously affected?
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primary caries
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Widespread formation of chalkly white areas and incipient lesions that may increase in size over a comparatively short time?
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rampant caries
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Occurs on a surface adjacent to a restoration; may be continuous of the original lesion?
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recurrent caries
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Without teeth?
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edentulous
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Carious lesions that has become stationary and does not show a tendency to progress further; frequently has a hard surface and takes on a dark brown or reddish-brown color?
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arrested caries
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What occurs on a surface not previously affected?
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primary caries
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Widespread formation of chalkly white areas and incipient lesions that may increase in size over a comparatively short time?
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rampant caries
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Occurs on a surface adjacent to a restoration; may be continuous of the original lesion?
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recurrent caries
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Without teeth?
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edentulous
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Loss of primary teeth following physiologic resorption of root structure?
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exfoliation
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Denoting a condition of unknow cause?
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idiopathic
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Beginning; coming into existence?
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incipient
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The symbol of hydrogen ion concentration expressed in numbers corresponding to the acidity or alkalinity?
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pH
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What pH at which demineralization occurs?
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critical pH
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What is the critical pH of enamel?
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4.5-5.5
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What is the critical pH of cementum?
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6.0-6.6
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Removal of bone or tooth structure; gradual dissolution of the mineralized tissue; may be internal or external?
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resorption
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When does the formation of primary teeth begin?
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utero
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When does the mineralization of permanent teeth start?
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birth
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What are the requirements for the development of a carious lesion ?
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microorganisms
carbohydrate susceptible tooth surface |
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What is the standard method for classifying dental caries?
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G. V. Black's classification
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What involves one tooth surface (caries)?
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simple cavity
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What involves two tooth surfaces (caries)?
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compound cavity
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What involves more than two tooth surfaces (caries)?
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complex cavity
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase I has acid products from cariogenic dental biofilm pass through microchannels from the surface of the enamel to the subsurface area in the dentin?
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subsurface demineralization
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase I has area of demineralization that is not visible by clnical observation during intial changes; thin layer of enamel remains over the surface?
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visualization
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase I has white area appears with no breakthrough to enamel surface; with time, are may turn brown from food beverages, or tobacco use?
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first clinical evidence
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase I has low concentrations of fluoride applied frequently during the early phase and can provide sources for uptake by the demineralized zone. The porous demineralized area readily takes up flouride from dentifrice, mouthrinse, fluoridated drinking water, and all possible sources?
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remineralization
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase II is visible to observation and irregular to the gentle application of the side of an explorer tip or blunt probe?
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breakdown of enamel over the demineralized area
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase II follows general direction of enamel rods?
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progression of carious lesions
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What part of the steps in the formation of a cavity phase II spreads dentinoenamel junction; continues along the dentinal tubules?
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spread of carious lesions
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Where do pit and fissure caries occur?
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ends of grooves of the teeth
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Where do the caries on smooth surfaces occur?
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where there is no pit, groove or other fault
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What clas of caries occurs in pits and fissures, occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars, facial and lingual surfaces of molars, lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors?
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class I
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What class of caries occurs in proximal surfaces of premolars and molars?
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class II
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What class of caries occurs in proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not involve the incisal edge?
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Class III
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What class of caries occus in proximal surfaces of incisors or canines that involve the incisal angle?
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class IV
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What class of caries occurs in the cervical 1/3 of facial and lingual surfaces (not pit or fissure)?
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class V
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What class of caries occurs on the edges of anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth?
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class VI
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What are the first teeth to be affected by childhood caries?
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maxillary anterior teeth and primary molars
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What are teeth are least likely to have childhood caries?
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mandibular anterior teeth
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What is a soft, progressive lesion of cementum and dentin that involves bacterial infection and invasion?
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root caries
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What organisms have been linked to childhood caries and root caries?
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mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
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Root caries incidence has been shown to be directly related to the what in drinking water?
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fluoride concentration
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Root caries cavitated lesions are described as what?
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soft, leathery or hard
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What is a defect that occurs as a result of a disturbance in the formation of the organic enamel matrix?
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enamel hypoplasia
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What are the teeth most commonly effected by enamel hypoplasia?
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first molars, incisors and canines
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What is the wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact?
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attrition
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What is the loss of toth substance by a chemical process that does not involve known bacterial action?
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erosion
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What is the mechanical wearing away of tooth substance by forces other than mastication?
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abrasion
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What are the different types of line of fractures?
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horizontal, diagonal, and vertical
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What may involve fractured bones and teeth in addition to soft tissue injuries?
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trauma to the face
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What is a wedge shaped lesion with sharp line angles at the cervical regions of the dentition?
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abfractions
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What is abfraction caused by?
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stresses resulting from biomechanical loading forces on the teeth
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What causes breaking away of the extremely thin layer of enamel?
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flexure
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