Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
All of the following are harmful products produced by bacteria that affect the periodontal tissues except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Enzymes b. Lipooligosaccharides c. Waste products d. Crevicular Fluid |
D. Crevicular Fluid
|
|
|
What bacteria found in subgingival plaque is considered pathogenic for periodontitis?
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
What is the primary risk factor for periodontal diseases?
|
Dental Biofilms
|
|
|
What feature makes bacteria an important risk factor for periodontal diseases?
|
Colonize and multiply in subgingival area
|
|
|
What bacteria is primarily found in pregnancy gingivitis?
|
Provotella intermedia
|
|
|
TRUE or FALSE
Loe and coworkers proved that there is a direct relationship between dental plaque and periodontal diseases because the removal of dental plaque improves gingival health. |
TRUE
|
|
|
From what source does subgingival bacteria recieve nutrition?
|
Crevicular Fluid
|
|
|
What type of subgingival plaque CANNOT be removed with periodontal debridement?
|
Tissue-associated
|
|
|
In which phase of plaque formation does supragingival bacteria migrate subgingivally
|
Phase III--7 to 11 days
|
|
|
All the follwing bacteria are strongly associated with invading epithelium and gingival connective tissue except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Spitochetes b. Actinobacillus actinomycetemomitans (Aa) c. Prevotella intermedia Porphyromonas gingivalis |
c. Prevotella intermedia
|
|
|
A dense, nonmineralized complex mass of bacterial colonies living in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix that accumulates on toothsurfaces in the area of the sulcus or pocket
|
Dental Biofilm
|
|
|
What type of subgingival biofilm is this:
-Free swimming in pocket (not a biofilm) -Gram-negative motile anaerobic -Spirochetes and others -More virulent (able to cause disease) -Most toxic form -Removed by flushing |
Unattached Subgingival Plaque
|
|
|
What are some of the direct Effect methods of bacteria?
|
Endotoxins (such as lippooligosaccharide); exotoxins; Enxymes; and Host-Derived Enzymes
|
|
|
What is an indirect effect of bacteria?
|
Immunopathologic Mechanisms- meaning several antigens induce inflammation inn the periodontal tissues by stimulating the immune response.
|
|
|
What type of subgingival biofilm is this:
-Densly packed strongly adherent to tooth surface -Gram-posative rods, cocci, and filamentous bacteria -Facultative aerobic or faculatative anaerobes -Removed by scaling and root planning -Less virulent (limited ability to cause diseases) |
Tooth Associated Subgingival Plaque (Biofilm)
|
|
|
What type of subgingival biofilm is this:
-Loosely packed, loosely adherent to soft tissue wall -Gram-negative, motile, anaerobic -Spirochetes, "bottle-brush" types -More Virulent (able to cause disease) --Cannot be removed by scaling and root planning, needs to be removed surgically |
Tissue-Associated Plaque (Biofilm)
|
|
|
This degrades collagen fibers, the major-formed elements in gingiva and periodontal ligament. Its produced by both bacteria and the host cells in the body (eg. PMNs and Fibroblasts) and is included in the family of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases.
|
Collagenase
|
|
|
This breaks down hyaluronic acid, an important polysaccharide (carbohydrate) that helps hold tissue and cells together. It can act as a "spreading" factor to increase tissue permeability. This enzyme is also produced both by bacteria and by the host.
|
Hyaluronidase
|
|
|
This breaks apart chondroitin sulfate, another cell and tissue cementing polysaccharide (carbohydrate)
|
Chondroitin Sulfatase
|
|
|
These are a large group of enzymes that contribute to the breakdown of noncollagenous proteins (proteiens in the connective tissue other than collagen) and increase capillary permeability.
|
Proteases
|
|
|
This affects the elastin (elastic) fibers of the mucosa and blood vessels, thereby reducing tissue integrity.
|
Elastases
|
|
|
Name the risk factors (markers) and indicators for Periodontal Diseases
|
-Poor Oral Hygiene
-Tobacco Smoking -Genetics/Heredity -Advancing age -Stress -Past History of Periodontitis -Systemic Diseases -Male Gender -Compromised Host Defense -Race, Ethnicity -Regularity of dental care -Interleukin-1 production |
|
|
What are the bacterias found in HEALTH?
|
-Streptococcus sanguis
-Streptococcus mitis -Veillonella species -Actinomyces naeslundii -Actinomyces viscosus |
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Gram-negative bacteria |
Periodontal Disease
|
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Nonmotile Bacteria |
Gingival Health
|
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Motile Bacteria |
Periodontal Disease
|
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria |
Periodontal Disease
|
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Saccharolytic |
Gingival Health
|
|
|
What is the Correct Health/Disease:
Assaccharolytic |
Periodontal Disease
|
|
|
What are the matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and/or surfaces?
|
Dental Biofilms
|
|
|
Unattached gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms are in close proximity to the epithelium and appear to play an important role in the initiation and progression of WHAT?
|
Periodontal Disease
|
|
|
What degrades collagen fibers in the periodontal tissues
|
Collagenase
|
|
|
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is specifically associated with the developement and progression of WHAT periodontitis?
|
Agressive
|
|
|
What is the primary risk factor for for inflammatory periodontal lesions?
|
Dental Plaque (Biofilm)
|
|
|
Well-organized, cooperating community of bacteria
|
Biofilm
|
|
|
TRUE of FALSE
It is diffucult for locally applied antimicrobials to have an affect on orla biofilms because biofilms act as a protective barrier for the bacteria. |
TRUE, both statement and reason
|
|
|
Which pathogen is strongly associated with periodontal disease?
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
What is representative of phase II of biofilm formation?
|
Days 4-7
|
|
|
The bacterial biofilm is surrounded or encircled by a WHAT?
|
Intermicrobial matrix
|
|
|
What bacteria is primarily associated with the development of pregnancy gingivitis?
|
Prevotella intermedia
|
|
|
Subgingival bacteria present in the biofilm gets nutrients from WHAT?
|
Crevicular Fluid
|
|
|
Which bacteria have been documented to actually invade into the epithelium and gingival connective tissue?
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
All of the following are enzymes that break down periodontal tissues EXCEPT on. Which one is the exception?
a. proteases b. collagenase c. hyaluronidase d. elastate e. lipase |
e. Lipase
|
|
|
What is a feature that is characteristic of unattached (free-floating) subgingival bacteria?
|
Removed by flushing
|
|
|
Which of the following types of subgingival plaque is the LEAST virulent?
a. tooth associated b. tissue associated c. unattached d. attached |
a. Tooth associated
|
|
|
Which of the following bacteria characteristics is associated with periodontal health?
a. gram-posative, aerobic b. gram-posative, anaerobic c. gram-negative, aerobic d. gram-negative, anaerobic |
a. Gram-posative, aerobic
|
|
|
In health, the primary oral bacteria is WHAT?
|
Streptococcus sanguis
|
|
|
All of the following cells are present in dental plaque EXCEPT one. Which on is the exception?
a. red blood cells b. polymorphonuclear neutrophils c. epithelial cells d. fibroblasts |
d. Fibroblasts
|
|
|
Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative?
a. Actinomyces viscosus b. Eubacterium lentum c. Bacteroides forsythus d. Peptostreptococcus micros e. Corynebacterium matruchoti |
c. Bacteroides forsythus
also Tanneralla Forsynthesis |
|
|
What are the three zones of Subgingival Plaque?
|
1. Tooth-associated
2. Tissue-associated 3. Unattached |
|
|
What are the Bacterial Characteristics of Health?
|
-Gram-posative (Streptoccocus sanguis)
-Aerobic -Non-Motile -Saccharolytic (uses carbohydrates as food) |
|
|
What are the Bacterial Characteristics of Disease?
|
-Gram-negative
-Anaerobic -Motile -Assacharolytic (uses protiens from tissue destruction) |
|
|
A coating of salivary glycoprotiens which forms on the tooth as an amorphous, tenacious membrane. Its acellular in that bacteria is not needed for formation, but since it allows and encourages colonization of bacteria it is said to participate in plaque formation.
|
Acquired Pellicle
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-STRONG Etiology:
Aggressive, Chronic and Refractory periodontitis |
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-STRONG Etiology:
Chronic Periodontitis |
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Aggressive and Refractory periodontitis |
Campylobacter rectus
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Chronic Periodontitis |
Eikenella corrodens; Eubacteruim nodatum; Fusobacterium nubleatum;
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Pregnancy Gingivitis, Puberty gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontal diseases |
Prevotella intermedia
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Refractory Periodontitis |
Peptostreptococus micros
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Aggressice, localized periodontitis |
Capnocytophaga species
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Chronic periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontal disease |
Treponema denticola
|
|
|
Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease-MODERATE Etiology:
Gingivitis |
Streptococcus Intermedius-complex; Actinomyces species; Fusobacteruim species
|
