Dh 110 - Quiz #3

Front 1

What is another name for dental plaque?

Back 1

tartar

Front 2

Where does calculus occur?

Back 2

on teeth, implants, dentures and other appliances

Front 3

What is dental calculus always covered by?

Back 3

dental plaque

Front 4

Does dental calculus grow on gingiva?

Back 4

No

Front 5

Calculus defined as ____________________, ______________ ______________.

Back 5

calcified
mineralized (hardened)
dental plaque

Front 6

Calculus can be said to contain everything found in plaque with the addition of ________________.

Back 6

calcifying salts.

Front 7

Calculus DOES or DOES NOT initiate periodontal disease or caries?

Back 7

Does NOT.

Front 8

Calculus DOES or DOES NOT facilitate more plaque accumulation?

Back 8

it does

Front 9

Why does calculus facilitate more plaque accumulation?

Back 9

rough, porous surface

Front 10

Calculus aggravates periodontal disease by being __________ and ___________ irritating.

Back 10

physically and chemically (via toxins and bacteria in plaque)

Front 11

The first step of non-surgical periodontal therapy is to ________________________.

Back 11

remove calculus

Front 12

Is the patient usually aware of calculus deposits?

Back 12

no

Front 13

Mineralization process may take ________________.

Back 13

days to weeks.

Front 14

Why can calculus cause pocket development in periodontal disease?

Back 14

It physically irritates the pockets

Front 15

Supeagingival calculus is abundant near what?

Back 15

Salivary glands

Front 16

Near which salivary gland would there be more calculus deposits and why?

Back 16

Parotid because it secretes sodium bicarbonate.

Front 17

Occurrence after removal may be _______, but it varies between teeth and individuals.

Back 17

rapid

Front 18

Texture of supragingival calculus is __________ hard, newer deposits are _________ dense and are_________, the surface is covered in ________.

Back 18

moderately

less

porous

plaque

Front 19

The color of supragingival calculus can be ____________, _________, or ___________. It may also be stained and have a _______________ color.

Back 19

white

yellow

gray

dark brown (tobacco, coffee)

Front 20

A thin later of supergingival calculus may be missed. Drying tooth with yield a ___________ apperance and the tooth surface will be __________ or _________ under an instrument.

Back 20

chalky

rough

catchy

Front 21

Subgingival calculus cannot be _____________.

Back 21

seen

Front 22

Two other names for subgingival calculus are.....

Back 22

submarginal, serumal

Front 23

Subgingival is _________ dense than supragingival calculus.

Back 23

more

Front 24

Subgingival calculus texture is __________ and _______-like

Back 24

brittle and flint-like

Front 25

Subgingival calculus color ranges from.....

Back 25

light to dark brown, black, reddish (due to blood pigmentation)

Front 26

Subgingival calculus has a ____________ distribution than supragingival.

Back 26

wider

Front 27

On an individual tooth, subgingival calculus is more prevalent on _____________ and _____________ surfaces rather than __________.

Back 27

proximal, lingual

rather than buccal

Front 28

Sub adheres more _____________ than supra.

Back 28

tenaciously

Front 29

Heaviest deposits of subgingival calculus are related to areas more _____________ for patients to reach during home care.

Back 29

difficult

Front 30

Subgingival plaque is visible on radiographs especially ___________________.

Back 30

interproximally

Front 31

if you blow air on an area suspected of containing subgingival calculus the tissue around it will be ______________.

Back 31

flabby

Front 32

Gingival tissue color may be ________ with present subgingival calculus.

Back 32

gray

Front 33

Spicules

Back 33

small round spots of sub.calc.

Front 34

ledge

Back 34

"lines" of deposits of sub.calc.

Front 35

ring

Back 35

circles a spot on the root entirely, sub.calc.

Front 36

veneer

Back 36

a larger sheet of sub.calc. on the root

Front 37

Calculus is composed of ___________ and ______________ components, as well as __________

Back 37

inorganic, organic, water

Front 38

Is the composition of sub/supra calc. the same?

Back 38

it's similar but the elements for mineralization are different.

Front 39

Inorganic components make up ________%

Back 39

70-90%

Front 40

The main inorganic components are..... (6)

CPCPMS

Back 40

Calcium, phosphorous, carbonate, sodium, magnesium and potassium

with various trace elements as well.

Front 41

Is calculus mainly organic or inorganic?

Back 41

inorganic

Front 42

Is there fluoride in calculus?

Back 42

yes

Front 43

Calculus crystalline components are predominately ___________________, which is also found in enamel, dentin, cementum and bone.

Back 43

hydroxyapatite

Front 44

Organic compounds account for about _____________% in the form of ______________.

Back 44

10-30%, plaque

Front 45

Mineralization can take from ____________ days to ____________weeks.

Back 45

2-3 days to 2 weeks.

Front 46

Appears on radiographs as __________ shapes.

Back 46

spur

Front 47

Initial crystalization can occur in _______ hours.

Back 47

12

Front 48

Source of minerals for sub is _____________, and for supra is_______________.

Back 48

sulcus fluid and inflammatory exudate

saliva

Front 49

early calculus formation on average is _________________

Back 49

12 days

Front 50

Mineralization theory is that saliva is saturated with respect to the salts and thus is able to support _____________.

Back 50

crystal growth

Front 51

Carbon Dioxide Theory __________ attracts _______________ to bacterial plaque.

Back 51

CO2

minerals

Front 52

Ammonia Theory associated with pH _________ in plaque.

Back 52

increase

Front 53

What is the initiate layer of crystal formation?

Back 53

brushite

Front 54

brushite calcifies into ______________

Back 54

whitlockite

Front 55

Lines of _______________ are evidence that calculus grows in ______________.

Back 55

pellicle

layers

Front 56

Subgingival is ______________% mineralized

Back 56

60%

Front 57

supragingival is _____________% mineralized

Back 57

30%

Front 58

Taking beta blockers, diuretics, thyroid supplements can cause calculus?

Back 58

yes

Front 59

alkaline pH (elevated) can cause calculus?

Back 59

yes

Front 60

Swimmers calculus is due to.......

Back 60

exposure to chemically treated swimming pools

Front 61

Aquired pellicle attachment is ______________ to remove because it's on the __________ or recently __________ surfaces.

Back 61

easier

enamel

scaled

Front 62

Mechanical/locking attatchment is _____________ to remove because it's found in ____________ or ___________.

Back 62

very difficult

cracks or irregularities

Front 63

Direct contact attatchment is __________ to remove because of __________________ crystals of the tooth and the ________________ bacterial plaque.

Back 63

difficult, interlocking, mineralizing

Front 64

Not all dental plaque _______________________ but all calculus has ____________.

Back 64

mineralizes into calculus

plaque

Front 65

What is the main ingredient in anti-tartar mouth rinse?

Back 65

pyrophosphates

Front 66

Three hints to detect calculus

Back 66

Use air, transillumination and feel with explorer.

Front 67

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in ______________ and IS the most common disease for ___________________.

Back 67

humans, children

Front 68

What can caries lead to?

Back 68

infection or tooth loss at any age

Front 69

Oldest theory about caries involved what?

Back 69

a tooth worm

Front 70

In 1700s caries were thought to be cause by _______________________ enamel and the recommended treatment was to _________________.

Back 70

erosion in the enamel

file the carie down until smooth

Front 71

In 1881 caries were theorized to be caused by the _______________ of __________________.

Back 71

presence of micro organisms

Front 72

Who published the Chemioparisitic Theory of caries?

Back 72

W.D. Miller

Front 73

G.V. Black, the _____________________________, added that ________________ was the source of the _____________. This theory is _________________ believed today.

Back 73

founder of modern dentistry

microbic plaque

still believed

Front 74

Multiple factors for caries involve a _______________ tooth and host. _____________________ must be present in __________ quantities. There must be excessive consumption of __________________. The process must occur over a _______________ period of _____________.

Back 74

susceptible. cariogenic microorganisms, sufficient. carbohydrates. long, time.

Front 75

The four main factors are: PTST

Back 75

plaque, tooth, substrate (food-carbs), time

Front 76

When a tooth covered by a film is exposed to a ___________, the bacteria _____________ it. That produces a _______ acid _________________. Eventually that will ________________ the tooth _______ and _______________.

Back 76

carbohydrate, metabolizes.

weak, byproduct.

demineralize, enamel, dentin

Front 77

Caries are categorized by location. There are 4

Back 77

pit and fissure.

smooth surface.

root surface.

secondary/recurrant

Front 78

What is the first stage of caries development?

Back 78

incipient lesion

Front 79

the incipient lesion __________ penetrated the outer surface of the tooth and looks like a ___________ on the ____________. The process _____________ be stopped here.

Back 79

has not, white spot, enamel, can

Front 80

The second step is ______________.

Back 80

demineralzation toward the dentioenamel junction.

Front 81

_______ or _____ lesion that is characterized by _________________.

Back 81

over or frank, cavitation

Front 82

what is cavitation?

Back 82

the loss of enamel integrity

Front 83

What does progression of a carie depend on? _______in saliva, saliva ________________, and _____________ capavity.

Back 83

pH, flow rate, buffering

Front 84

how many bacteria species in plaque that interact with caries?

Back 84

300

Front 85

The bacteria in plaque is

Back 85

strep mutans

Front 86

Mutans produces

Back 86

extracellular glcans and acids

Front 87

mutans causes damage through

Back 87

lactic acid and other acids

Front 88

the pH of mutans damage can be as low as

Back 88

3.8, 4.8

Front 89

what pH hurts enamel?

Back 89

5.5

Front 90

what pH damages the root?

Back 90

6

Front 91

Lactobacilli

Back 91

are not required for caries development

Front 92

Acid sources

Back 92

diet

bacteria

enviromental

intrinsic (bulimia)

all working in combo

Front 93

solid/sticky sugars are neutralized in ______________ minutes

Back 93

40

Front 94

liquid sugars are neutralized in ___________minutes

Back 94

20

Front 95

Teeth likely to develop caries

Back 95

1st and 2nd molars, mandibular premolars

Front 96

does saliva help prevent caries?

Back 96

yes

Front 97

3 major salivary glands

Back 97

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Front 98

how does saliva repair damage?

Back 98

neutralizing acid and replacing lost minerals

Front 99

what does parotid glands screte?

Back 99

sodium bicarbonate

Front 100

What is the stephan curve?

Back 100

describes the drop in pH with sugar followed by a longer recover period when other foods are eaten

Front 101

what is fluoride chemically stronger than in regards to remineralization?

Back 101

calcium

Front 102

exposure of fluoride over a long period of time changes hydroxyapatite into.....

Back 102

fluorohydroxyapatite

Front 103

fluorohydroxyapatite is _________ resistant to acid damage than hydoxyapatite?

Back 103

yes