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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colombo Plan (1950) |
Result of the meeting of Commonwealth Ministers in Colombo,Ceylon --> aimed to attack the poverty upon which communist political movements in Asia fed upon - initiated by L. B. Pearson |
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The Berg Report (1981) |
determined structural adjustment as remedy for "underdevelopment" - debt relief - international development |
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Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) |
- neoliberal remedy for "underdevelopment" - Made loans to countries on specific conditions - induced countries to follow free market policies - enforced by international institutions (WB and IMF) |
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Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) (1968)
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- signaled Canada's more sophisticated/enduring approach to international cooperation for development |
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Mental Maps |
How policy makers imagine the world spatially (and how they position the 3rd World as peripheral) |
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Key implications of the Indian Act |
- enforcing residential school attendance - gave ability of gov'ts to depose chiefs - monitored/limited spiritual/cultural practices - killed native languages (linguistic colonization) + creation of Indian Race |
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Red Power Movement |
- influenced by decolonization in the 3rd world in 60s/70s - compared the treatment of natives in Canada to blacks in America's deep south (inspired by Civil Rights Movement) |
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Leakage |
The fact that the profits from 3rd World tourism actually go back to the first world - b/c 80% of the tourist industry is transnational companies) - e.g. Cruise Ships |
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How has Canadian immigration policy been exclusionary? |
- Chinese Exclusion Acts - Continuous Journey Regulation - Limited Jewish Refugee Acceptance (St. Louis) |
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What is meant by the phrase "northern shadows"? |
The fact that Canadian businesses + gov'ts are working in the shadows of giants in the 3rd world region - flourishing b/c their exploitative practices go unnoticed |
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Economic Diplomacy |
diplomatic assets of the CDN gov't being used to open new markets for CDN goods/services in the private sector
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What percent of the world's mining companies are Canadian? |
75% |
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What are the primary detriments of mining in the Third World? |
Loss and conflict - generate/aggravate conflict - environmental problems - eliminate rather than creates jobs - diverts important resources (e.g. water) - don't actually benefit host country economically/socially |
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Marshall Plan |
Introduced by USA to alleviate economic woes of EU nations after WWII - rebuild infrastructure - while containing communism |
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What is CIDA called now? |
The Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development
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How many Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were there? |
8 |
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What are the key problems with NGOs and development? |
- power relations constructed on the foundations of colonialism / embedded in ways of thinking - not engaged enough w/ gov'ts - development is "top-down" |
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Food Security |
When all ppl at all times have access to sufficient/nutritious food that meets their needs |
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How many ppl in world don't have enough food? |
800 million |
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How many ppl in CANADA are victims of food insecurity/hunger? |
4 million |
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Decolonization |
A country removing itself from political structures of another country - establishing itself as a sovereign nation |
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What is/was Canada's foreign policy view on decolonization? |
- views 3rd world as periphery - thinks decolonization should build upon colonizers legacy - believes EU tutelage leads (generally) towards self-governance - history of resisting international human rights |
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What was the Bandung Conference? |
3rd world's response of unalignment and cooperation in the bipolar context of the Cold War - identified that they weren't falling into polarity of "sides" |
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What is problematic about Canada's involvement in the arms trade? |
- canada = among largest military suppliers in world - Saudi = Canada's 2nd largest arms buyer --> you can't be an arms seller AND a peacemaker --> contradicts cdn foreign policy of "international security + peaceful resolutions of disputes" |
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"Canada's national shame" refers to what? |
The Somalia Affair (1993) - changed international perceptions of cdn diplomacy |
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Popular Internationalism |
Movements that seek to understand the interconnected histories of 1st and 3rd worlds - aims to oppose structural inequalities b/w the two |
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What is the "New Warrior Framework"? |
- celebrated martial virtues of a bygone age
- called out for a great leader capable of defending such virtues - war = constant "since the first dawn" - Canada = founded on war |
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The Somalia Affair |
Cdn military scandal (1993) - brutal beating/killing of Somalian teen by 2 cdn soldiers participating in humanitarian efforts - resulted in "Somalian Inquiry" |
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What 3 distinct ways of looking at Canada's post-1945 military intervention arose as a result of the Somalia Affair? |
1. New Warriors: teen died b/c Cdns have forgotten they are a warrior nation (a call to arms) 2. Liberal Internationalists: "a few bad apples" - not bc of fundamental flaw in Cdn military/stance on 3rd world 3. Critical Realists: teen's death just 1 of many facilitated by Canada (indirectly OR directly) |
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What is the New Warriors' stance with respect to the Third World? |
1. defense of transnational corporations 2. insistence on cdn civilization superiority 3. celebration of country's enhanced military --> to achieve objectives of Anglosphere: carry forward liberal-heritage of "English-speaking ppls" |
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Significance of Lester B. Pearson |
- remembered for getting the peace prize - master diplomat - father of the UN - a man of peace, - PM who helped usher medicare, andbilingualism - the very “liberal Canada the New Warriors have sworn to uproot" |
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What is "Pearsonian Internationalism"? |
- high minded, idealistic
- Multilateralist, co-operative, team player - Contrast to the ‘cowboy’ (Reaganism) elements ofUS foreign policy - Invention of peacekeeping and ODA - Represents a highpoint of fair-mindedness, opendiscussion, etc. - foreign policy = "domestic policy with a hat on" |
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What is the "Liberal Internationalist Framework"? |
- celebrate Canada's role in UN/peacekeeping - peaceful mediation of international disputes - basically Pearsonian Internationalism |
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What is the "Critical Realist Framework?" |
- want a NEW approach to Canada and the 3rd world founded upon the country's long-standing historical patterns - approach must be critical of past practice and realistic in its assessment |
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Hawthorn Report 66-67 |
- publically scolds the Cdn state + the treatment of Indigenous ppl - found indigenous ppl to be "citizens minus" |
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White Paper (1969) |
- proposed by Trudeau gov't - aimed to remove indian status in name of "equality" |
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What comparative advantages do Cdn businesses enter the 3rd world with? |
a) access to investment capital b) superior technology c) knowledge as a result of experience --> 3rd world business/economies can't compete |
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What are the main benefits of mining companies in the 3rd world? |
1. high rates of return on dividends, mutual funds 2. "development" 3. Makes CAnada more important national player |
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What are the main detriments of mining companies in the 3rd world? |
CONFLI |
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What is Internal Colonization? |
The distinct separation of the core (rich) from the periphery (poor) |
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What was the goal of Bill C-300 (The Responsible Mining Act)? |
- a call for more responsible mining practices - defeated in a narrow vote |
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What is the concept of Foreign Aid? |
idea that states have the obligation to help ppl in need within AND beyond local boundaries |
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Why is Pierre Trudeau considered Canada's most "wordly" PM? |
- interested in the countries of the global south - idea that the whole world should be helped - inherited Pearson's liberal "throne" of diplomacy |
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What change in the model of development occurred in the 70s? |
less about moving to a new order of cooperation for mutual benefit MORE about needs of the financial sectors of 1st world -->NEOLIBERALISM |
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What are the motivations behind ODA?
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- anti communism - promotion of commonwealth ties - international prestige - Enhance Canadian economy |
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What is Canada's "3D" approach to military international aid? |
- defence - diplomacy - development |
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Canada's peacekeeping efforts/foreign aid RN |
- commitment to peacekeeping is declining - foreign aid seems to be an instrument of trade policy - aid money = less about sustainable development and more about opportunism |
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What is the North Atlantic Triangle? |
seeks to explain the importance of United Kingdom–United States relations to Canada's security
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How does militarism contribute to underdevelopment? |
- potential development aid goes instead towards military spending - destroys infrastructure - |
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What are some of the historical motivations to participate in popular internationalism? |
consolidate differences between cultures/languages/races, etc. |
