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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is polyhydramnios? What is it associated with?
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Excessive amniotic fluid. Associated with diabetes in mother, multiple gestation, anencephaly, esophageal atresia
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What is oligohydramnios? What disease it often associated with?
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Too little amniotic fluid. Associated with Potter's syndrome.
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What two factors can cause oligohydramnios?
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Defect in urinary output or chronic leak of amniotic fluid
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Autosomal PKA causes severe:
Also, renal failure is common and often fatal due to ? and? |
Hypertension.
Death often due to respiratory distress and pulmonary dysplasia. |
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What is ureteropelvic junction obstruction? (UPJ)
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Congenital obstruction of the urinary tract affecting the muscular segment of the ureter.
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How can chronic UPJ affect the kidney?
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It can cause pressure in the kidney destruction of the nephrons and kidney failure.
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What are the clinical presentations of a UPJ obstruction in an infant?
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Flank mass, UTI, failure to thrive, sepsis
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What are the clinical presentations of a UPJ obstruction in an older child/adult?
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flank pain, colicky pain, UTI hematuria, prenatal diagnosis
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What is one major difference between Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney and PCK?
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Most often, MDK is unilateral whereas PCK is bilateral.
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What are the characteristics of Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney disease?
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Most often unilateral
Multiple cysts Non-functioning kideny Pathology - primitive ductules and cartilage seen; atretic ureter Contralateral kidney hypertrophies Bilateral disease is rare. |
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IS anything really done about MKD? WHy or why not
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No. With one good kidney, pt does well. In 2/3 of MCKD cases, the kidney will regress and involute on its own.
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Is MKD generally genetic?
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No..
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What is ureteral reflux? Why is this bad? What causes it?
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Urine that backs up into the kidney from the bladder. Bad bc bacteria have a direct route kidney that can lead to infection and scarring. Caused by abdnormal insertion of ureter into bladder or from obstruction of outflow.
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What is ureteral duplication? When is it a problem?
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More than one ureter per kidney. Becomes a problem only when ureter enters bladder ectopically - e.g. at the bottom of the bladder can cause infection.
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What is a ureterocele?
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A distal dilation of the terminal ureter as it enters the bladder.
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What is a megaureter?
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An obstructed and enlarged ureter.
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What is a bladder extrophy? How does this happen?
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Bladder is on outside of body. Probably the medial mesenchyme did not move in during development.
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What is Posterior Urethral Valves>?
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Abnormal valve folds that can lead to severe obstruction of the urinary tract and renal failure.
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What is Prune belly syndrome?
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A mesodermal failure with atresia of the abdominal wall muscles, bladder and ureter musculature and intraabdominal testes.
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