Devo Block 1 Week 5: Urinary System 10A

Front 1

How does the nephrogenic cord arise?

Back 1

Intermediate mesoderm separates from the middle mesoderm layer and ends up on the dorsal aspect of the coelom.

Front 2

What derivates (organs) arise from the nephrogenic cord (or UG ridge)?

Back 2

Kidneys, ureters, gonads, genital ducts, and adrenal cortex

Front 3

Not all components of UG comes from the intermediate mesoderm. What tissue do the other components arise from and what are these components>

Back 3

These come from the Endoderm:
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Lower half of vagina
vestibule

Front 4

The walls of bladder, vagina, etc come not from intermediate mesoderm or endoderm - they derive from:

Back 4

Splanchnic mesoderm

Front 5

What is the cloaca and what is its main function at about 4 weeks?

Back 5

It is a dialated part of the primitive hindgut that functions as a transient common outlet for the UG and GI systems. [Sewer]

Front 6

What are the mesonephric tubules8?

Back 6

Immature nephrons

Front 7

Describe the four steps required to form Mesonephric Tubules

Back 7

1. Mesonephric duct sends signals to mesenchyme - induces vesicle formation
2. Vesicle grows, it eventually units with duct
3. Vesicle continues to elongate and finds a tuft of vessels
4. Vesicle eventually forms a small cup around the vessel
BAM - you've got an immature nephron

Front 8

In the male, components of the mesonephric kidney become:
In the female?

Back 8

Male = reproductive system. Female, not much except uterine mesentery.

Front 9

Mesonephric tubules take the embryo from ? wks to about ? wks.

Back 9

4th to 8 or 10th week.

Front 10

What is the early definitive kidney called? Where does it form on the nephrogenic cord?

Back 10

METAnephric kidney. It forms at the most caudal end of the nephrogenic cord.

Front 11

The metanephric kidney has two precursors. What are they?

Back 11

Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud) and the metanephrogenic mesenchym (blastema)

Front 12

Name tissue types

Back 12

1. Metanephric mesenchyme
2. Metanephric diverticulum

Front 13

About how many generations of metanephric diverticulum branches are there? Which branch generations form the calyces, pelvis and ureters?

Back 13

There are about 15 generations. Expansion of the 3rd to 6th generation form the calyces, etc.

Front 14

Describe hypoplastic kidneys.

Back 14

May be small & normal kidneys that may be small bc of abnormal development

Front 15

Describe dysplastic kidneys

Back 15

Often contain cysts or "primitive" tissues. Most common cystic anomaly of the kidneys. Fatal if bilateral.

Front 16

Describe duplications re kidney anomalies.

Back 16

Duplications of ureter or kidney may be partial or complete.

Front 17

How might an extra artery form on a kidney?

Back 17

As ascends to its definitive location, it breaks and forms new arteries. Sometimes ones that are supposed to break, don't.

Front 18

If the two kidneys form too close to each other, they might form a horseshoe kidney. In this case, where does it get caught as it ascends?

Back 18

Under the IMA.

Front 19

What is the difference between Autosomal Recessive PKD and Autosomal Dominant PKD?

Back 19

Recessive forms fine cycts and age at onset varies. Dominant forms large cysts and onset is usually bn 30's and 50's

Front 20

Recall that the cranial or vesicle part of the Primary UG sinus enlarges. What does this become? What is it lined with and what is its wall made of? (see back for image)

Back 20

It becomes the bladder and part of the urethra. It is lined with endoderm and the wall's smooth muscle & CT is derived from the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm.

Front 21

Remodeling of the posterior wall of the bladder results in the formation of (see back for diagram):

Back 21

Trigone Region

Front 22

The trigone region is associated with:

Back 22

Bladder Ureter entrance and Urethra exit

Front 23

In males, differential growth of the mesonephric duct results in the formation of the:

Back 23

Urethra

Front 24

What is the extent of the urethra formed from the vesicle part of the UG sinus in Males and Females?

Back 24

Males: Vesicle part forms proximal portion of prostatic urethra. In Females, it forms most of the urethra.

Front 25

The trigone region is associated with:

Back 25

Bladder Ureter entrance and Urethra exit

Front 26

In males, differential growth of the mesonephric duct results in the formation of the:

Back 26

Urethra

Front 27

What is the extent of the urethra formed from the vesicle part of the UG sinus in Males and Females?

Back 27

Males: Vesicle part forms proximal portion of prostatic urethra. In Females, it forms most of the urethra.

Front 28

How does the UG sinus form?

Back 28

The anorectal canal subdivides the cloaca into the UG sinus.

Front 29

What are the three subdivisions of the UG sinus?

Back 29

Vesicle, Pelvic, and Phallic

Front 30

The UG sinus has three subdivisions - describe which part elongates, narrows, and expands.

Back 30

The vesicle part elongates, the pelvic part narrows, and the phalic part expands.

Front 31

In the male, describe each of the fates of the UG sinus subdivisions.

Back 31

Vesicle part becomes the bladder. Pelvic portion becomes distal prostatic and membranous urethra. Phallic portion becomes penile urethra.

Front 32

In the female, describe each of the fates of the UG sinus subdivisions.

Back 32

Vesicle part becomes the bladder. Pelvic portion becomes lower half of the vagina. Phallic portion become the vestibule.

Front 33

The bladder, as it forms, is connected to:

Back 33

The Allantois (makes sense - this helps embryo handle waste from almost day one)

Front 34

As the bladder develops, it is connected to the allantois to help it manage wasted. As the allantois disappears, it can cause various problems. What are the three he described in class?

Back 34

1. Cyst formation
2. A sinus forms at the umbilicus that tracks down to where allantois was
3. A fistula can form between umbilicus and bladder and urine can flow out.

Front 35

As the allantois disappears, it ultimately becomes the:

Back 35

Median umbilical ligament

Front 36

What is exstrophy of the bladder?

Back 36

The bladder wall forms on the outside of the body and what you see is the inside of the bladder.