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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tetroma
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when caudal eminence doesn't regress
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Myelodysplasia
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failure of SECONDARY NEURULATION
malformation of spinal cord that is derrived from caudal eminence -covered with pigmented skin |
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Dysraphic Errors of Neural Tube
where are errors located |
Neural Tube did not close properly
dorsally and at midline |
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(Micro) Anencephaly
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absence of Calvaria
mass of forebrain and midbrain tissue Alpha Fetoprotein levels detected on Ultrasound |
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Meningoencephalocele
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herniation of brain and meningeal coverings (dura, arachnoid, pia)
BIFID CRANIUM (occiital bone) **Failing of anterior neuropore |
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Cranial Meningocele
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herniated meningeal sac filled with CSF (no brain tissue herniation)
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Cranium Bifidium
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openening between skull bones
brain and meninges NOT involved only a skull defect |
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most severe form of Spina Bifida
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Myeloschisis (Spina Bifida Aperta)
neural plate open dorsally |
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Two types of Spina Bifida Cystica
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Meningomyelocele- herniation of spine and meninges
Meningocele-only meninges with CSF |
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Spina Bifida Oculta
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least severe form of Spina Bifida
vertebral defect- skin dimple, fatty cyst, hair |
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Diastematomyelia
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associated with Spina Bifida Oculta
-bone spur in the spinal cord that can tether the spinal cord and keep it from normal ascension |
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Holoproencephaly
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MIDLINE DEFECT
Failure of regionalization of the PROSENCEPHALON -single ventricle, single eye, etc. |
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Megalencephaly
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increased proliferation
brain too big |
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Microencephaly
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decreased proliferation
brain too small |
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Lissencephaly
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(error of MIGRATION)
smooth brain- absense of gyri * TOO LITTLE migration by neuroblasts |
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Microgyria
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(error of MIGRATION)
overmigration/overformation of gyri |
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Macrogyria
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(error of MIGRATION)
failure of migration huge gyri |
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Hydrocephalus
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enlarge ventricles due to CSF Blockage
1) non-communicationg...block to cerebral aqueduct 2) communicating- CSF can get into subarachnoid space, but can't be reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations |
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation
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caudal displacement of cerebellar structures through the foramen magnum
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