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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During the gender labeling stage of Kohlberg's gender identity development, what is occurring
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The child learns to identify his or her sex.
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According to Bem, categorizing information by gender is called:
a. sex typed b. androgynous c. gender labeling |
a. sex-typed
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Hyejin is 2-years-old. In which stage of Kohlberg's gender identity development is she?
a. sex typed b. androgynous c. gender labeling |
Gender Labeling
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According the Vygotsky’s theory, private speech is:
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a method young children use to regulate their behavior.
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Janetdivorced her husband 6 years ago. She is reluctant to make new friends following the divorce. What is Janet most likely experiencing?
Divorce hangover and sleeper effect |
Divorce hangover
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Janis parents divorced when she was 3 years old. Janis is now a teenager and has been spending a lot of time in her room crying. What might she be experiencing?
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Sleeper effect
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Gottman and Levenson (2000) found that __________ were significant predictors of divorce.
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contempt, criticism, stonewalling, and defensiveness
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What two of the big five personality traits may change in the elderly, according to Field and Millsap?
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Extraversion and agreeableness
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According to Costa and McCrae, the big five personality traits are solidified and become stable traits in a person:
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By about age 30
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Sam was presented with a list of words, including "cat," "dog," "ball," and "music." He was only able to remember the word "music." What might Sam be experiencing?
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Recency effect
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The use of Alcohol, tabacoo and cannabis increases between what age range?
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18-25
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What type of commonly used drug is a CNS depressant?
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Alcohol
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What drug is a adolescent more likely to abuse if his or her parents abuses it?
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Alcohol
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What are the 3 stages to the Prenatal Period
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Germanal, Embryonic, Fetal
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What prenatal period does most birth effects occurr b/c of teratorgenic effects?
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Embryonic 2 weeks-8-12 weeks major structures are forming
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Blank and Blank results in infant death and or low birth weight
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Nicotine and Cocaine
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Baby reflexes disappear in about 1 year after birth. Name the 4 reflexes?
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Moro, Babiski, Grasp, Rooting
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The leading cause that is the most detrimental to a fetus still in utero is?
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Malnutrition
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Down Syndrome is a autosomal genetic disorder and is caused by:
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having an extra chromosome.
aka trisomy 21 |
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The child of an alcoholic parent is ____ times more likely than his or her peers to also abuse alcohol.
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4
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In adolescents, the effects of early maturation:
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affects boys more positively.
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What typically changes the equality between males and females?
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Puberty
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According to BALNK theory, language develops as a result of learning.
Nurturist perspective and Naturustic perspective |
Nurturist perspective
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__________ is the term for when an infant starts to combine two words together to form simple sentences.
Telegraphic versus holophrasic |
Telegraphic (24 months)
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A young child who refers to all dogs as "Lassie" is demonstrating:
overextension or underextension |
Overextension
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With the __________ process, an individual has little internal consistency and changes schemas whenever new information is presented to him or her.
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Identity accomodation
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Adolescent delinquency has been linked to:
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permissive parenting, and low socioeconomic status.
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The peak rate of growth for boys is? The peak rate of growth for girls is?
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13.4 years; 12 years
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Emotional expression is limited at birth however around the age of 6 months
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Happiness, sadness and disgust is displayed
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At the age of around 1 years old the child uses cues from the mother to deal with affective uncertainity this is called
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Social Referencing
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Care taking responsibilities promotes the development of?
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Empathy
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What age do children begin to care about what their peers think of them?
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6-9 years of age
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What age do kids learn to establish their own identities and want acceptance from their peers?
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13-15 years
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What age do kids form their own values and standards and begin to explore different roles, looks and friendships?
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16-18 years
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Research concerning computer assisted learning suggests that learning rates:
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are faster than when conventional methods are used.
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Erikson's second stage, "Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt," draws from relationship with caregivers during toddler years. According to Erikson, what would be the outcome of having failed to master this stage's developmental task?
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pervasive dependency on others versus being self directed
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Childhood sleep disorders are more common in boys or girls?
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boys
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With regards to memory in children, it was once assumed that:
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that children under 3 had an immature memory that would prevent them from being able to recall an event at a later time.
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The reason that adults may not be able to recall their memories prior to the age of 3 years could be related to:
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the importance of language in recall.
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What type of vision allows allows individuals to recognize depth in two-dimensional figures.
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Pictorial Vision
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__________ are cognitive storehouses of information that people use to categorize incoming information.
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Schemas
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According to Piaget cognitive development theory Johnny is 2-year-old child, and the only animals he has seen are dogs. Yesterday he saw a cat and called out, “Look at the dog, Mommy!” This is an example of:
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assimilation
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Babies first gain binocular vision:
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after they are three months old.
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According to Piajet when a child creates a new schema for planes, __________ is occurring.
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accomdation
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What percentage of adolescents suffer from moderate to severe depression?
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8%
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What are 3 risk factors for adolescent depression?
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Family discord
Lack of a best friend Emotionally unavailable parents |
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In regards to academic achievement Research suggests that children raised by a single parent may:
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demonstrate lower levels of achievement.
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Life expectancies are highest among which group
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White females
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What are the 8 stages of Ericksons theory of Psychosocial Development?
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1. trust versus mistrust
2. autonomy versus doubt 3. initative versus guilt 4. industry versus inferority 5. identity versus role confusion 6. intimacy versus isolation 7. Generativity versus Stagnation 8. Ego Integrity versus Despair |
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What are the successful resolutions to Ericksons Intiative versus Guilt?
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Regard for the rights of others failure is self centered and rejected by others
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What is the succesful resolution for the stage of industry versus inferiority?
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This draws from rx from peers and teachers and succesful resolution is seeing yourself as capable
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What is the succesful resolution for the stage of Intimacy versus isolation?
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This draws from rx from spouse and friends and succesful resolution is experecing deep meaningful rx with others
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What is the succesful resolution for the stage of Generativity versus Stagnation?
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Genorosity whereas failure of this crisis leads to emptiness
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What is the succesful resolution for the stage of Ego Integrity versus Despair?
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Wisdom and acceptance of death
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True or False Boys and girls appear to demonstrate similar reactions to Divorce?
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True; however girls may demonstrate a delay in developing psychological problems related to the divorce which is called the sleeper effect
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True or False children tend to display less conduct problems when they have contact with their noncustodial father?
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True
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Vision is not well developed at birth however infants are able to see what colors?
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White, Green and Red - however after about 4 months can see many more colors
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Gifted Children have a IQ above ----- and are tested via the ------?
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130; Characteristics of Giftedness Scale
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Children that have an extensive vocabulary, good memory, long attention span, early interest in reading and strong ability with puzzles and are mature are said to have indicators of what?
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Giftedness
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What is a better IQ test to determine giftedness Stanford Binet or WISC IV?
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Stanford Binet because has a higher ceiling of 180 whereas the WISC ceiling is about 150
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Holmes and Rhae created a Social Readjustment Scale to help measure how stress and illness are correlated. Score of less than 150 are considered ---; whereas scores b/w 150-199 are ----; and scores above ---are major
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minor; mild, 300 these scores have an 80% chance of signficant illness or accident
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What are Piaget 4 stages of Cognitive Development?
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Sensiomotor Birth -2 years; PreOperational 2-7 yrs; Concrete Operational7-11; Formal Operational 11 and on
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What stage do development of cognitive skills begin to occur?
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Pre-Operational - are intuitive thinkers at this stage.
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What are the 2 major hallmarks to the end of the Sensimotor stage in Piaget model?
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Object Permanence (st exisits even when it is out of sight) and Symbolic Representation (using words to name things)
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At what stage of Piagets does logical thought process develop and they begin to have a capacity for rules and regulations and decentration?
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Concrete Operational
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According to Piaget when a child focuses on one thing and cannot concentrate on 2 or more things at the same time this is called?
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Centration -occurs mostly in the pre-operational stage
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What stage that some may never get to in which a person develops abstract hinking skills and has the capcity for metacognition (the ability to think about how you think?)
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Formal Operational Stage
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According to Piaget the concept of decolage is referred to as what?
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an uneveness in growth and commonly occurs in cognitive development
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One word speech called Holophratic speech occurs when?
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12-18 months
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Chomsky is what type of theorist when it comes to language development?
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Nativist- beleives that we have a innate prewired language device in our brains and only need minimal exposure to activate it
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What language theorist believes that speakers of different languages influence how we think?
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Safir Warth- Hypothesis
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The most rapid vocabulary growth occurs bw ages of?
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2.5-3 years
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True or False up to 6 months of ages even if hearing impaired babies babble in sounds constant across all different languages and then shortly after that age only in their own language?
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TRUE
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Research suggests that most premature infants reach developmental milestones comparable to full-term infants by what age?
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Two years.
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Overall, marital satisfaction tends to be:
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relatively stable over time.
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According to Greenberg and Cmic's study on premature infant development, which of the following is true?
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By age two, there were no group differences on any child development, mother-child interaction, or maternal attitudinal measures in premature versus full-term infants.
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According to Sapir-Whorf, speakers of different languages actually:
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think differently
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There are some who believe that what one perceives is dependent on the spoken word, and that thought is dependent on language. Those with this belief adhere to which of the following?
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Sapir-Whorf,
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According to research, by what age does social referencing begin?
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12 MONTHS
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An authoritative parenting style provides the child with:
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high demands and high warmth.
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What type of parenting style is inflexibile
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Authoritarian style; children also have difficulty making decisions
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Mothers are most responsive to 2 types of cries
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Hunger and Pain
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According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of development, the system that includes institutions, such as the local government, which influence the child is called the:
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exosystem
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According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of development, the system that includes activities roles and interactions of an individual in the person immediate setting is known as?
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Microsystem eg parent child rx; teacher child rx)
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According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of development, the system that includes laws values and customs of society are
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macrosystem
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ADHD most often corresponds with what other disorders?
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
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What type of parenting style is it when children tend to show little self-discipline?
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Permissive
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What age do children learn to pretend imitate and role Play and what is this called?
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Age 4; and Dramatic Play
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What are the signs of concern when a child is seen playing?
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Wandering and Hovering
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What is the most common indicator of prematurity
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Low Birht Weight
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People with have difficulty with all of the following cognitive abilities, low muscle tone and feeling satiated.
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Prader-Willi Syndrome
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Symptom of Prader-Willi Syndrome INLCUDE
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Repetitive speech; Hoarding
OVEREATING |
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In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, which of the following levels emphasizes getting rewards and avoiding punishment?
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Preconventional level
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According to Kohlberg, a person’s stage of moral development is best determined by:
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how they reason in making a moral decision
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In the conventional level of moral reasoning in Kolberg’s theory, reasoning is centered around which of the following:
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Following social rules for the sake of the community
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A person who scores 168 on the Holmes and Rahe, Social Readjustment Rating Scale is most likely experiencing:
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mILD sTRESS
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Children who are liked by some of their peers and disliked by others fall into the category of: Contreversial or Neglected?
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Contraversial
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According to the bioecological model of human development, the __________ underlies all of the systems and includes the passage of time.
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Chronosystem
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Signs of Autism must be present before the age of ? for a diagnosis to be met
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3
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What type of dyslexia misses out on the 2nd half of words?
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Neglect
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What type of dyslexia is it when you read a word with a similar meaning and pronounce a different one like seeing jacket and saying coat
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Deep Dyslexia
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Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s stages of processing death are:
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denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
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Preschool children typically engage in:
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dramatic play.
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Color blindness is:
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an X-linked, recessive trait disorder.
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Infants born before the blank week gestation period is considered blank..
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37 week; preterm
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Mild Mental Retardation is between range of ---and---Moderate Mental Retardation bw range of
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50 and 70; 35 and 55 and 2nd level of education ;
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Severe mental retardation is between blank and blank
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20 and 40;
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Profound Mental Retardation between blank and blank and require what type of care
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IQ scores below 20; 24 hours
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Onset of Mental Retardation must be prior to what age
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18
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What type of color blindness is autosomal and may affect men and women?
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Blue Yellow deficiency
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At what stage in life is malnutrition most detrimental?
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In utero.
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The world's leading cause of death of children under 5 is:
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Malnutrition
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True or false there is no known treatment regarding color blindness
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True
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Exposure to television violence: may predict aggression in adult behavior; True or False
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True
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Reading Disorder is also referred to as
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dyslexia and a learning disorder
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Chen has difficulty reading the word “mekrung.” What type of reading disorder might Chen have?
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Phonological dyslexia
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Marcus has semantic or deep dyslexia. How is he most likely to read the word “night?"
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Dark
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Sally is 3 years old. What is she most likely to believe about death? Death is when a person is buried in the ground or Death is a deep sleep?.
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Death is a deep sleep.
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According to the research of Thomas and Chess (1977), the most common temperament for an infant to have is:
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Easy
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The phenomenon of terminal drop was first recognized and labeled by:
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Kleemeier
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What has been suggested as an alternative theory to terminal drop?
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Symptoms of depression may mimic terminal drop.
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Self-concept or Self-esteemrefers to a person's understanding of who he or she is.
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Self-concept
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__________ is held in one's unconscious mind and is involved in learned behaviors, such as riding a bicycle.
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Implicit memory
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In Chomsky's evaluation of linguistic universals, deep structure refers to:
■ A) the differences between languages based on their surface characteristics. ■ B) the similarities in languages based on their composition. ■ C) the differences between languages based on their composition. ■ D) the similarities between languages based on their surface characteristics. |
■ B) the similarities in languages based on their composition.
Central to Chomsky's theory is the idea of linguistic universals defined as similarities in the features of grammatical relations between subject and predicate (B), and the possibility of posing questions, giving commands, and expressing negatives. Chomsky explained that although the world's languages differ in their surface characteristics (in contrast to A & D), which he termed surface structure, they have basic similarities (in contrast to C) in their composition, which he refers to as "deep structure." The surface structure of the sentence is the actual sound or word sequence and there are differences between languages. The deep structure refers to the intent of the sentence which is not much different. |
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Mental retardation results from many different causes including all of the following except
■ A) an extra X chromosome. ■ B) organic factors. ■ C) familial factors. ■ D) trauma. |
: The correct answer is A. Mental retardation can result from many different causes. Sometimes the cause is biological and other times from genetic problems such as Down's syndrome, which results from the presence of an extra 21 chromosome. Mental retardation may also result from trauma to the brain, before, during, or after birth. However, an extra X chromosome has not been shown to cause Mental Retardation. Instead, sexual development is impacted by this extra chromosome; this disorder, which is found only in males, is known as Klinefelter's Syndrome.
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