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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functionalist Theory Dude (basic idea)
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Emile Durkeim 1858-1917 Deviance good and healthy for society
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Functionalist Theory characteristics
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helps enhance conformity
strengthens solidarity provides a safety valve induces social change |
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Functionalist Theory example
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prostitution safety valve for affair. MLK
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Functionalist Theory critique
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wrecks interpersonal relations
undermines trust |
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Anomie Strain Theory Dude (basic idea)
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Robert Merton 1930s Anomie: norms are absent, weak, or in conflict.
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Anomie Strain Theory characteristics
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conformity
innovation (cheating) ritualism (acceptance of fate) retreatism (giving up) rebellion (changing the norm) |
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Anomie Strain Theory example
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US American norm of success is emphasized but availability of mean of success differs among people creating inconsistency
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Anomie Strain Theory critique
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doesn't explain "white collar" crime
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Control theory dude (basic idea)
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Marx - social institutions and individuals bond with society - limits deviance
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Control theory characteristics
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attachment to conventional people and institutions
commitment to conformity filling time with conventional activities belief in moral validity of social rules |
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Control theory example
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going to school, extracurriculars, good grades, hanging with friends
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Control theory critique
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suggests that isolation induces deviance but doesn't address that deviance could cause isolation.
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Shaming Theory dude (basic idea)
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John Braithwaite 1989 - control deviance through shaming
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characteristics
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disintegrative shaming and reintegrative shaming
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Shaming Theory example
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US uses disintegrative shaming - high crime rate
Japan uses reintegrative shaming - low crime rate |
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Shaming Theory critique
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reintegrative shaming helps reduce low-level crimes, but doesn't impact hardened criminals.
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conflict theory characteristics
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laws are designed to preserve capitalism
poor are practicaly forced to commit crimes law officials favor the wealthy |
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conflict theory example
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crime rates soared after soviet union turned to capitalism
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conflict theory critique
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implies that all laws are unjust and capitalism causes crime.
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power theory characteristics
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deviance more common among powerful
powerful have the means to pull off crime law is more lenient to high level deviants |
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power theory example
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corporate banker secretly stealing money from clients v. poor attempting bank robbery
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feminist theory characteristics
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other theories don't apply to women
crimes by women reflect their lower position in society deviance is limited to low level crimes |
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feminist theory example
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shoplifting, passing bad checks, welfare fraud, credit-card fraud
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feminist theory critique
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doesn't apply to males
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labeling theory characteristics
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people don't commit deviance, they are labeled deviant by society
labeling can push people to greater deviance |
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labeling theory example
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primary deviance v. secondary deviance
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labeling theory critique
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doesn't explain primary deviance. doesn't explain secretive deviance.
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phenomenological theory main idea
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interprets deviant's perception of his crime
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phenomenological theory characteristics
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deviants view their acts in a positive light
murderers view themselves as morally superior to victims |
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phenomenological theory critique
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some people look negatively on their crime.
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Differential Association characteristics
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people acquire both positive and negative definitions of deviance from peers
interaction with other leads to deviance |
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Differential Association critique
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most can't say who has given them positive or negative views of deviance.
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recidivism
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repeat offender
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safety valve
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let a little steam out on Friday, then everything else is okay.
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agents of social control
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police, principle
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deviance
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any act that violates a social norm, but deviance is relative to situations and each person tends to define it uniquely
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how deviance changes relative to time, place, and public consensus
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time:smoking, hazing
place:polygamy in saudi arabia public consensus changes |
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neurosis
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personality stays the same
anxiety based, relatively minor issues person stays in touch with reality |
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psychosis
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extreme disorder; reality is distorted, personality disintegrates; schizophrenia bipolar
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primary deviance
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ignorant that act is deviant
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secondary deviance
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knowingly commit deviant acts
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relative deprivation (what theory)
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feeling unable to achieve relatively high aspirations (power theory)
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Biological theories
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deviance caused by physical issues-hormones, etc... abused by racists, DNA / inherided traits
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Cesare Lombroso
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deviants = apes and criminals who haven't evolved
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WM Sheldon
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(endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs
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endomorph
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plump and soft and jolly
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ectomorph
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tall and skinny and brainy
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mesomorph
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huge and big brutes who commit crimes
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XYY theory
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X mother, y father, 2 Ys= violent criminals
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DNA
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DNA suggest deviant traits may arise from temperaments that society responds to negatively
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marginal surplus population (theory and theorist)
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people who are superfluous or useless to the economy - compelled to commit property crimes to survive (conflict theory, Marx)
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Window Pane theory
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1 broken window that's not fixed leads to multiple acts of vandalism. Eventually the building is burned down.
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