Deviance Exam Test 1

Front 1

Cloward and Ohlin suggested that in order to understand deviance not only must we consider access to legitimate means and goals but we must also consider the structure of what?

Back 1

differential illegitimate opportunities

Front 2

Structural functionalists differ from ethnomethodologists in that structural functionalists assume that society...

Back 2

is real and exists as a social system

Front 3

When, even if roles are played properly, neither system nor individual goals are met then a system can be considered...

Back 3

disorganized

Front 4

Martin Luther King Jr’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” illustrates how deviance can be a result of a lack of consistency between...

Back 4

values and norms

Front 5

Deviance is often the result of society being structured so that it is difficult, if not impossible, for people to play their roles properly. When a person is required to play more than one role at a time, this is called...

Back 5

role conflict

Front 6

Mertons’ anomie theory explains that deviance occurs when there is a disjuncture between...

Back 6

means and goals

Front 7

A wealthy person may perceive himself to have greater relative deprivation than a poor person.

Back 7

true

Front 8

Diary of a Harlem Family illustrates that...

Back 8

average people resort to deviance in very difficult or impossible situations

Front 9

In “Marijuana and the Politics of Reality”, Erich Good argues that...

Back 9

the contradictory conclusion on the effects of marijuana is the result of competing social constructions of reality

Front 10

Durkheim, a forefather of structural functionalism, stated that social facts are “comme chose.” This is a French phrase meaning...

Back 10

like things or objects

Front 11

Neil Smelser conceived of society as being comprised of four levels of abstraction: values, norms, roles, facilities. He said disorganization would result from _______ between them.

Back 11

inconsistency

Front 12

As norms implement values, roles implement...

Back 12

norms

Front 13

A ________ is how a person in a given position in society is expected to interact with others.

Back 13

role

Front 14

Societies can be structures so its difficult for people to play their roles properly. Because people play several different roles, role conflict is apt to occur if roles are not separated in some way. A second problem, role strain is caused by...

Back 14

contradictory expectations within a role

Front 15

Role conflict and role strain, when they result in deviance, illustrate how ______ causes deviance.

Back 15

society

Front 16

Anomie is a French word for...

Back 16

normlessness

Front 17

Anomie results when there is a disjuncture between goals and...

Back 17

social means for achieving these goals

Front 18

According to anomie theory, deviance occurs...

Back 18

when people are unable or unwilling to use legitimate means to achieve legitimate goals

Front 19

Merton’s theory has been criticized because...

Back 19

-it does not fit a pluralist society
-it contains a social class bias
-it assumes deviance is a lower class phenomena

Front 20

Cohen suggests that juvenile delinquency is a result of lower class youth’s inability to attain their goals in middle class dominated school systems. He differs from Merton in that...

Back 20

Cohen sees their delinquency as a group solution to common stress

Front 21

In the all white suburban high school of the early 1960’s, mentioned in the text, the students did not smoke marijuana because...

Back 21

they did not have the opportunity to do so

Front 22

Structural functionalists believe that in order for society and its members to survive certain functional requisites must be met. Which of the following are examples of functional requisites?

Back 22

a. adaptation to the environment
b. maintenance of order
c. reproduction of new members
d. constructing beliefs that relieve anxiety and make members feel responsible for one another
e. *(all of the above)*

Front 23

All of Jane’s friends had jewelry and new clothes, but she had no money to buy them. She, therefore, resorted to shoplifting to get what she wanted. According to Merton’s theory, her behaviors is an example of...

Back 23

innovation

Front 24

A “street person” may be perceived as deviant because he or she is...

Back 24

underconforming and eccentric

Front 25

According to Lombroso’s theory, deviants...

Back 25

differ biologically from non-deviants

Front 26

H.H. Goddard believed that...

Back 26

deviance was a genetic family trait

Front 27

Psychoanalytic theory suggest that if our parents often brutally attacked us during our childhood, our aggressive drive might...

Back 27

lead us to commit extremely brutal and bizarre murder

Front 28

Metaphysical explanations of deviance emphasize...

Back 28

a. the power of natural forces to create deviance
b. the power of social environments to create deviance
c. the power of biology to create deviance
or
d. *(none of the above)*

Front 29

In general, the biological approach to explaining deviance sees...

Back 29

human behavior linked to interaction between brain function and environment

Front 30

The Freudian theory of personality suggests that deviant behavior...

Back 30

is generated by breakdowns in the functions of the id, ego and super ego

Front 31

Which of the following is not characteristic of sociological approach to deviance...

Back 31

it focuses on the individual

Front 32

Many of America’s first settlers were...

Back 32

religious deviants

Front 33

The idea that deviance is a natural, although disorganized, phenomenon is called ...

Back 33

social disorganization

Front 34

When sociologists say that deviance can be functional, they mean that deviance...

Back 34

contributes to the smooth operation of the social system

Front 35

What is not a sociological explanation of deviance?

Back 35

lack of concern for others

Front 36

If deviance is the result of societal factors, then eliminating deviance requires...

Back 36

changing the social system

Front 37

Non-sociological explanations of deviance focus on the...

Back 37

individual

Front 38

Sociological explanations of deviance focus on the...

Back 38

social context

Front 39

Two criteria for defining deviant behavior are intention and motivation; a third criterion is...

Back 39

frequency

Front 40

While a statistical norm is a description of what is occurring, a cultural norm is...

Back 40

an expectation of what should occur

Front 41

Setting the table with the knife and spoon on the right and the fork on the left is an example of...

Back 41

folkway

Front 42

Sociologists divide norms into two types, folkways and mores. Which of the two are more serious rules?

Back 42

mores

Front 43

_______ are norms that reflect basic societal values.

Back 43

mores

Front 44

Norms which have the force of an institution behind them are called...

Back 44

laws

Front 45

Usually, breaking a law implementing a mos is considered a...

Back 45

felony

Front 46

France, same sex friends holding hands are considered...

Back 46

normal

Front 47

_______ have values and norms both shared with and different from the larger culture.

Back 47

subcultures

Front 48

A subculture member who conforms to his subculture’s norms is considered deviant by...

Back 48

members of the larger culture

Front 49

According to the article, smoking has become deviant in recent years due to...

Back 49

changing public perception

Front 50

Socrates outraged his contemporaries by ...

Back 50

acknowledging the intellectual abilities of women

Front 51

“A Case of Psychotic Navaho Male” illustrates that...

Back 51

normal rational behavior in one culture may appear as symptoms of insanity in another culture