Deviance

Front 1

Cultural Transmission Theory (CTT)

Back 1

Deviance learned through interaction with other people. Intensity,
Age and Ratio influences how strong.
Why criminals relapse into former behaviour and associations after treatment.

Front 2

Deviance

Back 2

Violates significant social norms and disapproved by a large numbers of people as a result.

Formal and Informal social controls

Front 3

Cultural Transmission Theory (CTT) Evaluation

Back 3

Many people fail to become deviant themselves.
Some become deviant without contact with deviants.
Theory explains how deviance is learned, not why it is deviant or how it arose.

Front 4

Structural-Strain Theory

Back 4

Outcome of social strains that put pressure on some people to deviate.
Durkheim - Anomie - Confusion over norms. People lack rules for behaviour.
Modern societies prone-Cultural Diversity creates confusion over norms.
Merton - deviance from an imbalance in the social system.

Front 5

Structural Strain Theory - Types of People.

Back 5

Conformity: Yes Yes
Innovator: Yes No
Ritualist: No Yes
Re-treatist: No No
Rebel: No - Create new goals and means

Front 6

Structural Strain - Evaluation

Back 6

Source of deviance in social structure and culture not deviant. Explains why people commit certain crimes.

Merton is functionalist = general consensus of norms. (ignores relativity). Ignores conflict of crimes between blue collar and white collar. (Conflict theory).

Front 7

Labelling Theory

Back 7

Deviance a process that some people define others as deviant. Emphasises relativity.
Primary Deviance - non-conformity temporary. Changes when deviance discovered. "Degradation ceremony" - person forced to acknowledge moral superiority of accuser. Then consciously or unconsciously accepts label and acts accordingly. Now secondary deviance. Start deviant career.

Front 8

Labelling Theory Evaluation

Back 8

Why certain people and acts are considered deviant. Clash of competing moralities - winner declares themselves moral and loser immoral and deviant.

Labelling not an important influence on behaviour - may not have been found, still deviance habitual. Labelling can serve as a warning. Encourages indiscriminate sympathy for the labelled.

Front 9

Control Theory

Back 9

Outcomes of a failure of social control. Asks why people conform - because society can control behaviour. Weak bonds with society - more likely to deviate. People integrated into society more likely to conform

Front 10

Control Theory - Strong Bonds

Back 10

Attachment: consider others feelings.
Commitment: Conform to protect achievements
Involvement: time and energy limited.
Belief in values and moral codes of the group/

Front 11

Control Theory - Evaluation

Back 11

Focuses on sources of deviance. Applicable to juvenile delinquency.
Doesn't account for deviance among respectable high status people or weak bonds with society because of their behaviour. Doesn't explain forms deviance takes.

Front 12

Conflict Theory

Back 12

White Collar Vs. Blue Collar crimes and how their punished. Not all though. Violence = equal.
Focuses on goals people commit out of moral conviction rather than personal reasons.
Deviance today = conformist tomorrow. Set out to change risk being called deviant.