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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a process?
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systematic change that affects a class of sounds. e.g fronting,backing,deaffrication
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think of differences between a process and a rule
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What is a rule?
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formal statement of a process, can not be stated as a process because it may be specific to the child.
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think of differences between a process and a rule
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Why may a rule be used?
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Some children's speech is easier to describe in rules
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What things should be noted in a speech analysis?
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Phonetic inventory, vowel inventory, voice place and manner, SODA- substitutions omissions distortions and additions, phonological processes/rules, phonotactics
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What are the things used to analyse speech?
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What is SODA used for?
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Soda is used as an articulation analysis for substitutions,omissions, distortions and additions
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what does SODA stand for?
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What things should be done along with analysis?
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# look for patterns across sounds, is it across the whole group?
#can a child produce the sound in isolation? #compare with articulation norms #compare with phonological norms #are errors developmental or atypical? |
What other factors are important when looking at a child's speech?
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What influences a child's intelligibility?
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1) number & types of sound errors
2) consistency of errors 3) frequency of ocurrence of error sounds 4) phonological processes used |
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How can intelligibility be measured?
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1) Open-set word identification(conversation)
2) closed-set word identification (prescribed list-->transcription) 3) Rating scale procedures 4) estimation from speech sound testing (from test determine amount of processes present) |
What things are used to measure intelligibility...a list or spontaneous speech?
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What are the percentages on a sample rating scale?
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Intelligible: +70% understood
Difficult to understand: 60-70% understood Unintelligible: less than 60% understood |
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What factors need to be considered when looking at severity of speech?
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1) effect of disorder upon speech intelligibility
2) degree of concern disorder causes child, parent and teachers 3) consequences of disorder(does it impact on the child's functioning?) |
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What are the ways in which we measure severity of speech?
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# PCC-R
#PPC #Percentage occurence of process #Clinicians rating #Developmental Vs non-developmental |
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How do we work out the Percentage of consonants correct?
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PCC= no of consonants correct/the total number of phonemes in sample X 100.
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formula for PCC calculation
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How do we work out the percent of phonemes correct?
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PPC= no of phonemes correct/total number of phonemes in sample x 100
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formula for PPC calculation
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