Developmental Psychology Physical & Cognitive Development In Adolescence Ch 9

Front 1

puberty

Back 1

a period of rapid physical and sexual maturation that occurs mainly during early adolescence

Front 2

2 ways adolescents move toward accepting, rather than rejecting, parental values

Back 2

1. boundary testing
2. acting out

Front 3

6 differences which influence life trajectory of every adolescent

Back 3

1. ethnic
2. cultural
3. gender
4. socioeconomic
5. age
6. lifestyle

Front 4

Too many adolescents are not provided adequate _____ and ______ to become competent adults.

Back 4

opportunities
support

Front 5

3 noticeable changes during puberty

Back 5

1. sexual maturation
2. increased height
3. increased weight

Front 6

menarche

Back 6

a girl's first menstruation

Front 7

8 male physical pubertal characteristics
(in order)

Back 7

1. increase in penis & testicle size
2. appearance of straight pubic hair
3. minor voice change
4. first ejaculation
5. kinky pubic hair
6. onset of maximum growth in height and weight
7. growth of hair in armpits
8. growth of facial hair

Front 8

4 female physical pubertal characteristics
(in order)

Back 8

1. breasts enlarge/pubic hair appears
2. hair in armpits
3. height increase & hips get wider than shoulders
4. menarche

Front 9

T/F: Female voice changes during puberty.

Back 9

false

Front 10

hormones

Back 10

powerful chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands and carried through the body by bloodstream

Front 11

hypothalamus

Back 11

structure in the higher portion of brain that monitors eating and sex

Front 12

pituitary gland

Back 12

endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands, including gonads

Front 13

gonads

Back 13

the sex glands - testes in males and ovaries in females

Front 14

testosterone

Back 14

hormone associated in boys with
1. genitalia development,
2. height increase and
3. change of voice

Front 15

estradiol

Back 15

type of estrogen
in girls, it's associated with
1. breast,
2. uterine, and
3. skeletal development

Front 16

T/F: Boys and girls have testosterone.

Back 16

true

Front 17

T/F Boys and girls have estradiol.

Back 17

true

Front 18

Testosterone and estradiol contribute to ________ and _______ development in adolescents.

Back 18

physical
psychological

Front 19

corpus callosum

Back 19

brain location where fibers connect left and right hemispheres

Front 20

amygdala

Back 20

region of the brain that is the seat of emotions

Front 21

3 factors which affect timing and makeup of puberty

Back 21

1. nutrition
2. health
3. environment

Front 22

Age range for puberty in boys

Back 22

10 - 17

Front 23

Age range for menarche in girls

Back 23

9 - 15

Front 24

Decline in the age of menarche began with the ______ ______, which improved living standards and advances in medical science. (Peterson, 1979)

Back 24

Industrial Revolution

Front 25

Decline in average age of menarche over the last century is likely due to improved _______ and ________. (Hermann-Giddens, 2006, 2007).

Back 25

nutrition
health

Front 26

Pre-occupation with body image is _______ throughout adolescence, but is ______ during puberty.

Back 26

strong
especially acute

Front 27

During adolescence, it's better to be a(n) early-/late-maturing boy.

Back 27

early

Front 28

Early-maturing girls are more likely to do these 7 things

Back 28

1.smoke
2. drink
3. be depressed
4. have older friends
5. have eating disorder
6. struggle for earlier independence from parents
7. have sex

Front 29

The corpus callosum _________ during adolescence, improving their ability to ________.

Back 29

thickens
process information

Front 30

The prefrontal cortex doesn't finish maturing until _________ (age range).

Back 30

18-25

Front 31

prefrontal cortex involves 3 things

Back 31

1. reasoning
2. decision making
3. self-control

Front 32

The amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex, resulting in great emotion and lack of ability to ______ them.

Back 32

control

Front 33

_______ is the bridge between an asexual child and the sexual adult.

Back 33

Adolescence

Front 34

Many adolescents are not ________ prepared to handle sexual experiences.

Back 34

emotionally

Front 35

Early sexual activity is linked to _______ _________.

Back 35

risky behaviors

Front 36

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Back 36

infections contracted primarily through sexual contact, including oral-genital and anal-genital contact

Front 37

How many American adolescents acquire an STI every year?

Back 37

3 million

Front 38

4 common STIs

Back 38

1. HIV
2. genital herpes
3. gonorrhea
4. chlamydia

Front 39

The US has one of the highest rates of ________ and _________ in the industrialized world.

Back 39

pregnancy
childbearing

Front 40

2 reasons why rate of births to adolescent American girls has dropped 30% since 1991

Back 40

1. increased contraceptive use
2. fear of contracting STIs

Front 41

3 things infants born to adolescent mothers have

Back 41

1. low birth weight
2. neurological problems
3. childhood illness

Front 42

All adolescents can benefit from age-appropriate ___ ___ education.

Back 42

family life

Front 43

2 types of sex ed programs

Back 43

1. abstinence only
2. contraceptive knowledge

Front 44

Adolescence is a critical juncture in the adoption of behaviors that are relevant to ______.

Back 44

health

Front 45

3 influences on well-being

Back 45

1. nutrition
2. exercise
3. sleep

Front 46

gland that produces melatonin

Back 46

pineal gland

Front 47

melatonin

Back 47

sleep-inducing hormone

Front 48

The suicide rate in adolescents has _______ since 1950s

Back 48

tripled

Front 49

3 leading causes of death in adolescence

Back 49

1. accidents
2. homicide
3. suicide

Front 50

3 risky driving habits

Back 50

1. speeding
2. tailgating
3. driving while intoxicated

Front 51

anorexia nervosa

Back 51

eating disorder - thinness through starvation

Front 52

bulimia nervosa

Back 52

eating disorder - binge and purge

Front 53

Most _______ are white adolescent or young adult females from well-educated, middle- and upper-income families and are competitive and high-achieving.

Back 53

anorexics

Front 54

A bulimic disorder is only serious if episodes occur at least _____ per week for a period of _____ months.

Back 54

twice
3

Front 55

_______ is an easier eating disorder to detect than ______.

Back 55

bulimia
anorexia

Front 56

___% of American women develop bulimia nervosa and ____% of all bulimics are women.

Back 56

1-2
90

Front 57

Why is bulimia more difficult to detect than anorexia?

Back 57

bulimics generally are in normal weight range, whereas anorexics are very thin.

Front 58

formal operational stage (Piaget)

Back 58

1. begins around age 11
2. more abstract than concrete operational thought
3. increased tendency to think about thought itself
4. thought full of idealism and possibilities

Front 59

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Back 59

Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems, such as an algebraic equation

Front 60

Formal operational thinkers develop ______ about ways to solve problems and then systematically _______ the best path to follow to solve the problem.

Back 60

hypotheses
deduce

Front 61

adolescent egocentrism (Elkind, 1976)

Back 61

heightened self-consciousness of adolescents

Front 62

imaginary audience

Back 62

involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are; attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and "on stage."

Front 63

personal fable (Elkind, 1976)

Back 63

the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility/ invulnerability
"no one understands me"

Front 64

An adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility/ invulnerability may be linked to ________ behaviors.

Back 64

risky

Front 65

Adolescents need more opportunities to _______ and __________ realistic decision-making.

Back 65

practice
discuss

Front 66

executive functioning

Back 66

higher-order cognitive activities

Front 67

Some researchers have found that _________ and ________ do not differ in their decision-making skills.

Back 67

adolescents
adults

Front 68

According to Deanna Kuhn (information processing), the most important cognitive change in adolescence is __________.

Back 68

improvement in executive functioning

Front 69

If ________ skills are not developed in childhood, _________ skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence.

Back 69

reading and math
critical thinking

Front 70

top-dog phenomenon

Back 70

moving from being the oldest, biggest, most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle school

Front 71

5 positive aspects of moving to middle school

Back 71

1. feel more grown up
2. more subject choice
3. more opportunities to spend time with peers
4. increased independence from parental monitoring
5. may be more intellectually challenged

Front 72

4 most effective programs to reduce high school dropout rate

Back 72

1. early reading programs
2. tutoring
3. counseling
4. mentoring

Front 73

Highest dropout rate In the US - ____% of Native American students.

Back 73

50

Front 74

service learning

Back 74

form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community