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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intention Reading
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- Needed for intersubjectivity with others
- Must be inferred - Evidence: understanding goal of unsuccessful action |
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Carpenter, Akhtar & Tomasello (1998)
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- Adults performed intentional or accidental action (indicated by emotional response)
- 14-18 months imitated intentional actions more |
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Meltzoff (1995)
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- 18 months see experimenter successfully or unsuccessfully take ends off dumb-bell
- Those that saw unsuccessful attempt still knew to take ends off - Intention reading |
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Carpenter, Call & Tomasello (2005)
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- 12-18 months
- Experimenter moves mouse from one place to another (slide/hop + noises) - No house: copy the hopping/noises - House: understood the goal |
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Gergely et al (1995); Csibra et al (1999)
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- Infants habituated to dots "jumping" over obstacle
- Block removed: - Irrational action: dot still jumps - 9 months (not 6) show more surprise at irrational action |
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Eye Direction Detector (EDD)
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- 0-4 months
- Innate module (nativist) - Detects eye-like stimuli in relation to objects - Baron-Cohen (1995) |
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Intentionality Detector (ID)
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- 0-4 months
- Innate module (nativist) - Assumes animate beings have goals and desires - Baron-Cohen (1995) |
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Shared Attention Mechanism (SAM)
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- 9-18 months
- Innate module (nativist) - Computes triadic relations - Baron-Cohen (1995) |
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Simulation Theories
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- A few mechanisms innate (e.g. primates understand goal-directed action)
- BUT, more advanced social understanding emerges from interaction with environment |
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Meltzoff (2002)
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- Infants notice similarity between actions they see others do and their own actions (imitating facial expressions)
- Inference from self to others |
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Tomasello et al (2005)
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- Child understands intentions of others only after experiencing these themselves
- Early motivation to share psychological states - 12 months understand communicative intentions of others |
