Developmental Psychology Chapter 4

Front 1

THe first two weeks of development after conception; characterized by rapid cell dividion and the beginning of cell differentiation. This is the most hazardous period of development

Back 1

germinal period

Front 2

Approximately the third through the 8th week after conception; the period during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop

Back 2

embryonic period

Front 3

The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conceptionuntil birth; the period during which the organs of the developing person grow in size and mature in functioining. Brain maturation and weight gain occur throughout this period

Back 3

fetal period

Front 4

Beginning about a week after conception, the burrowing of the zygote into the lining of the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected during growth.

Back 4

implantation

Front 5

The name for the developing organism from about the third through the eigth week after conception

Back 5

embryo

Front 6

The name for the developing organism from the ninth week conception until birth.

Back 6

fetus

Front 7

THe age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus can survive outside the mother's uterus if specialized medical care is available

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age of viability

Front 8

Agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs and chemicals that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death

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teratogens

Front 9

Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, affecting the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning

Back 9

behavioral teratogens

Front 10

THe science of weighing the potential effects of a particular event, substance, or experience to determine the likelihood of harm.

Back 10

risk analysis

Front 11

In prenatal development, the time when a particular organ or other body part of the fetus is most susceptible to damage by teratogens

Back 11

critical period

Front 12

A situation in which a certain teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level

Back 12

threshold effect

Front 13

THe result of a combination of teratogens. Sometimes risk is greatly magnified when the embryo is exposed to more than one teratogen at the same time.

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interaction effect

Front 14

A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, caused by the mother's drinking alcohol when pregnant

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fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 15

THE virus that causes AIDS, in which the body's immune system is gradually overwhelmed and the individual becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections

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Human immunodeficiency virus

Front 16

A body weight at birth of less than 5.5 lbs. The cause could be slow growth during prenatal development or birth before 36 weeks of gestation, or both

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low birth weight

Front 17

A body weight at birth of less than 3 pounds

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very low birth weight

Front 18

A body weight at birth of less than 2 pounds

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extremely low birthweight

Front 19

Bith that occurs 3 weeks or more before the full term of pregnancy has elapsed- that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception

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preterm birth

Front 20

A term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception.

Back 20

small for gestational age

Front 21

A quick assesment of a new born's body functioning. THe baby's color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone and respiratory effort are scored (0-2) twice, at one minute and 5 minutes after birth, and the total scores are compared with the ideal score

Back 21

Apgar scale

Front 22

A surgical birth. Incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of being delivered through the vagina

Back 22

cesarean section

Front 23

A woman who helps with the birth process. TRaditionally in Latin America, like a midwife, the only professional who attended the birth process. NOw work alongside a hospital's medical staff

Back 23

doula

Front 24

A disorder that results from damage to the brain's motor centers. People have difficulty with muscle control

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cerebral palsy

Front 25

A lack of oxygen that, if prolonged during birth, can cause brain damage or death

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anoxia

Front 26

Care that occurs when the mother of a low weight infant spends at least an hour a day holding the infant between her breasts

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kangaroo care

Front 27

cooperation between mother and father based on their mutual commitment to their children. Parents agree to support eachother in their shared parental roles

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parental alliance

Front 28

A mother's feelings of sadness, inadequacy and hopelessness in the days and weeks after giving birth.

Back 28

postpartum depression

Front 29

THe strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold their newborn. Bonding probably begins beofre birth and continues throughout infancy

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parent-infant bond