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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is preoperational thought |
preschool years (2-6); transitional period in cognition; time when child overcomes limitations in their thinking that stand in the way of true metal operations (adult-like reasoning); children begin to reason but still make reasoning errors due to centration |
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what is preoperational thought characterized by |
centration |
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what is centration |
inability to focus attention on more than one aspect of an object or event at a time; involves: tendency to focus attention on surface appearance; inability to simultaneously consider several features of an object; focus on static states rather than transformations |
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what is conservation |
realization that certain qualities of objects are conserved across changes in appearance; Piaget created many "conservation tasks" to test preoperational children's ability to conserve object properties; to demonstrate that they fail because of centration |
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know the conservation tasks |
1) Number- if something appears larger/bigger/longer, they assume there is more- they center on the length 2) Liquid/Volume- they center on the height of the liquid in the container, and can't see that volumes are the same 3) Mass- center on length and disregard that the masses are the same 4) weight- think weight's heaviness changes when weight changes position 5) Identity- they think that identities can shift based on outward appearance (costume, makeup, wig) 6) Gender- cannot conserve gender across a perceptual change and can change based on outward appearance 7) failure to consider both dimensions simultaneously |
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know about preoperational children's problem with classification and categorization tasks |
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know about preoperational children's difficulty solving the seriation task |
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know the problem preoperational children have distinguishing appearance from reality |
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know the example demonstrated in class that demonstrated static/immobile reasoning in preoperational children (bar falling from vertical to horizontal) |
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what is egocentrism |
the tendency to center on oneself, and consider the world entirely from own point of view |
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know Piaget's "Three Mountain Task" and what it demonstrates |
mountain range with three peaks is on center of table. person A and person B are seated at opposite ends of table and both looking at mountains. ask person A what person B is seeing; A reports that B is seeing what they see; they have a hard time adopting someone else's perspective |
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know the 2 broad phases or preoperational period |
1) 2-4 years- consistently preoperational 2) 5-6 years- giving way to true operations; improvements in conservation, classification, and seriation tasks |
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what is a theory of mind |
a form of social cognition; recognizing self and others as "things which think, believe, desire, imagine, and intend"; assigning mental states to self and others; using mental states to explain action/behavior |
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what are the False Belief Tasks discussed in class and what do they demonstrate |
can a child make another person believe something that is not true? ex: bug vs. candy in the box task (3 y.o. would not lie; 4-5 begin to understand lying) |
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when do kids pass False Belief Tasks and why |
@ age 3- fail; don't understand creating a false impression in others @ age 4-5- pass the task; know they can create a false impression in others and they will act accordingly |
