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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is temperament
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individual differences in emotional, motor,, and attention reactivity and self regulation; the result of interaction between one's biology and experiences; what you bring to each situation |
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what are the temperament classification and what behaviors characterize each |
Easy; Slow to warm up; difficult; and hard to classify |
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what is the social smile |
smiling in response to other people, the social world (social birth of an infant) |
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when does the social smile emerge |
6 weeks |
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what is an endogenous smile |
initial social smile; smile inside |
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what is an exogenous smile |
secondary social smile; smile outwardly |
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which appears first in development (endogenous or exogenous) |
endogenous |
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what is primary intersubjectivity and how does it promote development |
emotion sharing via face-to-face communication that occurs between caregiver and infant; caregiver more playful; sees baby as intentional new sense of efficacy learns to regulate negative arousal develops social expectations |
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what is social referencing |
using emotional information from others to guide your responses to an ambiguous situation; infant now knows people are intentional, psychological agents; now aware of other's attention |
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what is an imperative statement |
? |
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what is a declarative statement |
? |
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what is the difference between an imperative and a declarative statement and what can they tell us about a child's development |
? |
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define attachment |
an emotional tie in which child takes caregiver as a protective figure, finds security in their presence, misses them in their absence, seeks them as a haven of safety in times of alarm |
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know the origins of attachment theory |
Harlow (1971) showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment; recis monkeys experiment- living in isolation with only a terry-cloth towel; distressed when towels were taken from them; attachment isn't about who feeds you...it's about who gives you comfort |
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are newborns attached to a primary caregiver |
yes? |
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when does attachment first emerge in development |
6-9 months 1. young infant behavior enlists proximity to caregiver (0-8 weeks) (smiling, vocalizing, clinging, crying) 2. infants start responding differently to familiar and unfamiliar people- still friendly to strangers (2-4 months) 3. infants seek comfort from one caregiver, fears strangers and separation (6-9 months) |
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A- Insecure-avoidant |
infant avoids proximity upon reunion; not securely attached to parent |
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B- secure |
infant seeks proximity upon return, calms down; also, stranger promotes stress |
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C- insecure-resistant |
infant seeks proximity but angrily resists comfort; caregiver is inconsistent with availability and comfort in the past |
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D- disorganized |
infant lacks organized manner for dealing with stress; typically associated with parents who have been neglectful or abusive to their child |
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what kinds of parenting are these attachment patterns linked to |
see above |
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what other factors affect the development of an attachment pattern |
1. caregiver behaviors (warm, consistent, sensitive- B), (rejecting, distant-A), (inconsistent, ignore then interfere- C), (depressed or abusive- D) 2. child characteristics 3. family factors 4. cultural influences |
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what happens when infants are deprived an attachment figure |
physical abnormalities, psychological abnormalities, social interaction abnormalities, and failure to thrive |
