Developmental Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

amniotic sac

Back 1

bag of fluid inside a woman's womb where the unborn baby develops and grows

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apoptosis

Back 2

death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism growth or development

Front 3

cephalocaudal development

Back 3

infants learning to use their upper limbs before their lower limbs

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colic

Back 4

severe, often fluctuating pain in the abdomen caused by intestinal gas or obstruction in the intestines and suffered especially by babies

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conception

Back 5

the action of conceiving a child or of a child being conceived

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developmental resilience

Back 6

individuals ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity

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dose response relation

Back 7

relationship between the amount of exposure and the resulting changes in body function

Front 8

embryonic stem cells

Back 8

stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inert mass cells of a human embryo

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epigenesis

Back 9

the theory that an embryo develops progressively from an undifferentiated egg cell

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fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Back 10

group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy

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fetus

Back 11

unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception

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fraternal twin

Back 12

one of a pair of twins, not necessarily resembling each other out of the same sex, that develop from two separately fertilized ova

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gametes

Back 13

reproductive cell having a single set of chromosomes, especially a mature sperm or egg

Front 14

identical twin

Back 14

one of a pair of twins who develop from a single fertilized oven and therefore have the same genotype, are of the same sex, and usually resemble each purge closely

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infant mortality

Back 15

the death of children under the age of one year

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low birth weight

Back 16

birth weight of a live born infant of less than 5 pounds 8 pounds regardless of gestational age

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neural tube

Back 17

a hollow structure from which the brain and spinal cord form

Front 18

phylogenetic continuity

Back 18

development or evolution of a particular group of organisms

Front 19

placenta

Back 19

flattened circular organ in the uterus, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord

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sensitive period

Back 20

time or stage in a person's development when they are more responsive to certain stimuli and quicker to learn particular skills

Front 21

small for gestational age

Back 21

babies who are smaller in stuffed than normal for gestational age, weight before the 10th percentile for gestational age

Front 22

teratogen

Back 22

agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo

Front 23

umbilical cord

Back 23

flexible cordlike structure containing blood vessels and attaching a human fetus to the placenta during gestation

Front 24

zygote

Back 24

diploid cell resulting from fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum

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association areas

Back 25

a region of the cortex of the brain that connects sensory and motor areas, and that is though to be concerned with the higher mental activities

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behavior genetics

Back 26

the field of study that exposes the role of genetics in animal behavior

Front 27

cerebral cortex

Back 27

the layer of the cerebellum, composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness

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cerebral hemisphere

Back 28

each of their two parts of the cerebellum in the brain

Front 29

cerebral lateralization

Back 29

functional specialization of the brain, with some skills occurring primarily in the left hemispheres, and others occurring primarily in the right

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corpus callosum

Back 30

broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain

Front 31

event-related potential

Back 31

measured brain response that is a direct result of specific sensory, cognitive or motor event

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failure to thrive

Back 32

indicates insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss

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frontal lobe

Back 33

each of the paired lives of the brain lying directly behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personally, and voluntary movement

Front 34

frontal lobe

Back 34

each of the paired lives of the brain lying directly behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personally, and voluntary movement

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glial cells

Back 35

sound neurons and provide support for and insulation between them; most abundant cell types in their nervous system

Front 36

heritability

Back 36

measures the fraction of phenotype variability that can be attributed to genetic variation

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multifactorial

Back 37

involving our dependent on a number of factors or causes

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myelin sheath

Back 38

insulating cover that surrounds an axon

Front 39

neurogenesis

Back 39

the growth and development of the nervous system

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norm of reaction

Back 40

curve that relates, for a given genotype, the contribution of environmental variation to observe phenotypic variation

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occipital lobe

Back 41

the readings lobe in each cerebral hemispheres of the brain

Front 42

parietal lobe

Back 42

either of the paired lobes at the top of the brain, including areas concerned with reception and correlation of sensory information

Front 43

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 43

inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated

Front 44

polygenic inheritance

Back 44

heredity of complex characters that are determined by a large number of genes, each one usually having a relatively small effect

Front 45

synaptic pruning

Back 45

neurological regulatory process, which facilitate changes in neural structure by reducing the overall number of neurons and synapses

Front 46

synaptogenesis

Back 46

formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system; occurs during wasn't brain development; continues throughout a healthy person's lifespan

Front 47

temporal lobe

Back 47

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech

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structured interview

Back 48

fixed questions for all

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clinical interview

Back 49

thorough investigation of each individual

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naturalistic observation

Back 50

experimenter attempts to observe natural behavior with minimal interference

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structured observation

Back 51

experimenter controls experience of participants

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longitudinal design

Back 52

same children, long time

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cross-sectional design

Back 53

different children for each age group

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microgenic design

Back 54

same children, many observations, short period of time

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correlational coefficient

Back 55

relationship between two variables, range from -1 to +1

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quasi-experimental

Back 56

"natural experiments" with pre-existing groups

Front 57

multiple regression

Back 57

when you can't apply an experimental design

Front 58

nature and nurture

Back 58

early development is largely canalized, but it can be affected by experience

Front 59

the active child

Back 59

fetus' own activity contributes to its development

Front 60

continuity/discontinuity

Back 60

change is gradual but development is divided into stages