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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Germinal Period
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First 2 weeks of conception. Creation of zygote, cell division, attachment of zygote to uterine wall.
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Blastocyst
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Inner layer of cells that develops during germinal period. These cells later develop into embryo.
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Throphoblast
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Outer layer of cells, later provides nutrition and support for embryo.
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Embryonic Period
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2-8 weeks after conception. Intense cell division, support system for cells & organs appear. Zygote attaches to uterine wall, now is an embryo.
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Endoderm
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Inner layer of cells, becomes digestive and respiratory systems.
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Mesoderm
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Middle later of cells, forms during embryonic period. Becomes circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive ststem.
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Ectoderm
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Outer most layer of cells, created during embryonic period. Becomes the nervous system, sensory receptors (ears, nose, eyes) and skin parts (hair and nails).
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Placenta
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One of the life support systems. Disk shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from mother and offspring intertwine.
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Umbilical Cord
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One of the life support systems. Contains 2 arteries and one vein that connects the baby to the placenta. Oxygen, water, salt, and food from mother's blood pass back and forth.
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Amnion
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One of the life support systems. Bag that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.
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Organogenesis
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Organ formation that takes place during the first 2 months of prenatal development.
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3 Stages of Prenatal Development
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Germinal (0-2 weeks) Embryonic (2-8 weeks) Fetal (2-7 months)
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Low-birthweight Infants
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Weighs less than 5.5 lbs. at birth. 2 kinds: preterm infants & small for date infants.
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Theory
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Interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions
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Hypotheses
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Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine accuracy.
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Steps to Scientific Method
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1. Conceptualize a process/problem to be studied 2. Collect research info (data) 3. Analyze data 4. Draw conclusions
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Ethological Theories
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Behavior is strongly influences by biology, is tied to evolution, and characterized by critical/sensitive periods. Certain experiences influence individuals well beyond the time they occur.
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Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
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Orientation that does not follow any one theoretical approach, but rather selects from each theory whatever is considered the best in it.
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Biological Processes
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Changes in individuals physical nature: genes, height/weight gain
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Cognitive Processes
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Changes in individual's thought, intelligence, or language.
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Socioemotional Processes
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Changes in an individuals relationships with others, emotions, and personality
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Infant Reflexes (4)
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Sucking, Rooting-turn head to touch, Moro-startle response, grasping
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Dynamic Systems Theory
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Perspective on motor development in infancy that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for for percieving and acting. Esther Thelen-perception and action work together/mastery through adaptation.
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Intermodal Perception
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Ability to relate and integrate information about 2 or more sensory modalities (vision or hearing). Ex-infants pay more attention to picture in sync with sound than not.
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Perceptual-motor Coupling
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Esther Thelen- individuals perceive in order to move and move in order to perceive. Ex-attractive object, infants must perceive current state of body and learn how to use limbs to get object.
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6 Substages of Sensorimotor Stage
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1. Simple reflexes 2. First habits & primary circular reations 3. Secondary circular reactions 4. Coordination of secondary circular reactions 5. Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity 6. Internalization of schemes
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Primary Circular Reaction
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Based on attempt to reproduce interesting/pleasurable event that initially occured by chance. Ex-accidentally sucking on fingers, later on it becomes intentional.
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Object Permanence
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Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directily be seen, heard, or touched.
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Telegraphic Speech
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Short, precise words to communicate, young children two and three word utterances characteristically are telegraphic.
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Language Aquisition Device (LAD)
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Infants are born with a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain language categories: phonology, syntax, and semantics. Evidence: universal milestones.
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Infant-Directed Speech
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High pitch "baby talk. Designed to communicate with infants, and encourage their language development.
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