Developmental Psychology 20008 (Melb Uni) Lecture 9

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Language comprehension

Back 1

understanding what others are saying

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Language production

Back 2

actual speaking

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Language development involves the mastery of three components: 1. L................ g................. 2. s..........................d..................3.p......................d.....................

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1. language genrativeity. 2. semantic development. 3. pragmatic development.

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1.language genrativeity:.............: The basic unit of sound used to
produce language.
Phonological development: The acquisition of
knowledge about the ............. systems of one’s
own language.
...................: The smallest unit of meaningful
sound, usually one or two ......................

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Phoneme, sound, Morpheme, phonemes

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2. semantic development:Learning to express ............. in language;
includes word learning.
................: The rules for the ways in which
words can be combined to make sense.
Syntactic development: Learning the rules
for..................... words in a given language.

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meaning, Syntax, combining

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3. pragmatic development:Acquiring knowledge about how language is
........., such as the ............. for conversation.
Adults have ..............................knowledge,
knowledge about the properties of language
and language use, that children do not have.

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used, rules, metalinguistic

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Language and the brain: s..............‐specific behavior.
Only ............... acquire language in the normal
course of development, although some
primates have been taught to sign and
recognize words.
localized in the brain.
For 90% of right‐handed people, language is
primarily controlled in the left hemisphere of
the .............. cortex.

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species, human, cerebral

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Critical period for language development: ages ....... --> Evidence:
1. The effect of language ................. during the
critical period
2. The effects of damage to language areas in the
......... (children recover more readily than adults).
3. The ages at which a s............ l................... is acquired.

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5, deprivation, brain, second, language

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Language ............. precedes language .....................

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comprehension, production

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patients which aphasia recover faster if ......... rather than .............. indicating that language development occurs most commonly during the period of ......................

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child, adult, childhood

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The .................... plays an important role in language development. Plus ...... way ....... between parents and children in relation to language production

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environment, two, way

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Acquiring language involves l................. and t.............. and u.................... what others are communicating. This Involves 2 types of speech perception:C................Perception, P..............

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listening, talking, understanding. Categorical perception, prosody.

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Categorical perception

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• Infants and adults can perceive speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories. • Phonemic contrast ability appears to be innate, present at birth and independent of experience.
• Infants can make sharp distinctions
between speech sounds.
• Infants can distinguish new sounds from
ones they already know.

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prosody: The characteristic rhythm, tempo, cadence,
melody, intonation pattern, etc., with which language is..............Infants are sensitive to the ............. of the
languages they hear.

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spoken, prosody

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..... ‐ ..... months, babies no longer discriminate
sounds not used in their own language

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8-10

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Infants outperform adults in categorical perception in an important respect: Infants are sensitive to any phonetic
discrimination in ....... language.
Adults are only sensitive to the relevant phonetic discriminations of ............... ....... language.

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any, their, own

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Phoneme Discrimination: babies turned their head at word changes which included a ............... change (e.g..pop --> peep). but not for sounds that differed in v............, l................ or i.................

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phoneme, voice, length, intonation

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biological endowment

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“The language faculty is a subsystem of the human brain. ... That organ of the brain yields language under the right set of conditions. ... it is determined by our biological endowment and is invariant across the species.” (Chomsky)

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Children as young as ... days recognise ................
voice and discriminate it from the voices of
other ................

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3, mother’s, mothers

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IDS:
PDS:

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infant directed speech: a nonstandard form of speech used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants. pet directed speech:(IDS different acoustic value).