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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Puberty is a time between
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the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development
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Puberty usually lasts
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5 years
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menarche
What is it and what does it signal |
a girl's first menstrual period,
she has begun ovulation |
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menstruation are often_______ at first
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irregular
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at menarche ___________ is biologically possible
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reproduction
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spermarche
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first ejaculation
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what does ejaculation signal
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sperm production
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spermarche occurs during _________ or via ) __________
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sleep
direct stimulation |
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hormone
(full definition) |
an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.
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various hormones influence what
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thoughts, urges, emotions, and behavior
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Where is the pituitary gland and what does it do?
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in the brain
responds to a signal from the hypothalamus |
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Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate
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growth and control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands
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adrenal glands
How many where are they what do they produce |
two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones
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adrenal glands secrete the ________ hormones
what are they? |
stress
adrenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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HPA axis
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hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
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What is the HPA axis
in what organs? |
a chain reaction of hormone production
starting in the hypothalamus to the pituitary and then to the adrenal |
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gonads are paired
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sex glands
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gonads produce____
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hormones and gametes
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Name the sex glands in females and males
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ovaries
testicles |
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estradiol
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sex hormone
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Estradiol is considered
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the chief estrogen
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who produces more estradiol?
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female
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testosterone
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a sex hormone
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testosterone is the best know of the
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androgens
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what are androgens
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male hormones
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testosterone is secreted by _________ more than _________
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males
females |
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leptin
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hormone that affects appetite
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leptin is believed to be involved in the
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onset of puberty
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leptin levels _______ during childhood and peak around age
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increase
12 |
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body image
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a person's idea of how his or her body looks
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anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by
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self starvation
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anorexics voluntarily
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under eat and over exercise
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undereating and overexercising by anorexics deprives
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vital organs of nutrition
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anorexia can be
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fatal
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bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by
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binge eating and purging induced by vomiting and or laxatives
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growth spurt is a relatively ________.
When does it occur? |
sudden and rapid physical growth
during puberty |
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during a growth spurt each body part increases in size
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on schedule
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during a growth spurt a ___________ increase usually precedes a ________ increase
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weight
height |
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during a growth spurt, growth of the __________ precedes growth of the _________
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limbs
torso |
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primary sex characteristics
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parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction
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parts of the body directly involved in reproduction
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vagina
uterus ovaries testicles penis |
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secondary sex characteristics
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physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity
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adolescent egocentrism
What age? What is? |
10-14 year olds
They focus on themselves to the exclusion of others |
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personal fable
Aspect of what Characterized by the belief that |
adolescent egocentrism
thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's |
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invincibility fallacy is an
characterized by the idea that they cannot be |
egocentric conviction
overcome or harmed by anything that might defeat a mortal man such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving |
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imaginary audience
What kind of belief characterized by the belief that |
adolescent's egocentric belief,
Others are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. |
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What makes most teenagers self-conscious
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imaginary audience
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deductive reasoning
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Starting from a general statement, premise or principle, through logical steps to figure out specifics
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deductive reasoning is sometimes called
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top-down reasoning
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inductive reasoning
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Starting from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion
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inductive reasoning may be less __________ ___________ than deduction
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cognitively advanced
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inductive reasoning is sometimes called
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bottom-up reasoning
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dual-process model
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two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing
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intuitive thought is thought that arises from an ___________
is not rational and is influenced by____________ |
emotion or a hunch
past experiences and cultural assumptions |
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analytic thought results from
such as |
analysis,
pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. |
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analytic thought depends on
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logic and rationality
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middle school is between
Grades |
between elementary and high school.
5-6 to grade 8 |
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digital divide
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the gap between students who have computers and those who do not, often a gap between rich and poor.
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how has the digital divide been bridged in the US and developed nations
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the prevalence of computers in school.
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High-stakes test a critical evaluation that
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determines success or failure.
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example of a high-stakes test
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a single test that determines whether a student will graduate or be promoted
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Puberty refers to the various changes that transform a
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child's body into an adult one
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what hormones are secreted from the HPA axis during puberty
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testosterone, estrogen and others
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Hormones cause the adolescent body to
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grow and change
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when do visible changes of puberty normally occur?
When typically? |
8-14
11 and 12 |
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What contributes to the variation in timing of puberty
(4) |
sex
genetic background body fat and level of family stress |
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Adolescents who do not reach puberty at about the same age as their friends experience
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additional stress
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which group of early or late pubescents has the most difficult time
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early maturing girls
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anxiety about body image may cause an adolescent
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to have poor nutrition because of a desire to loose or gain wieght
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To sustain body growth, most adolescents consume large quantities of
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food
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precursors to eating disorders are evident during _______ although they usually aren't diagnosed until _________
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puberty
adulthood |
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many adolescents eat _______ of the _______ foods or too _________ food overall
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too much
wrong little |
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the growth spurt is an ____________ of growth in ________ part of the body
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acceleration
every |
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peak _________ increase usually precedes peak _______, which is then followed by peak _______ growth
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weight
height muscle |
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what emerges at puberty
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sexual characteristics
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the maturation of _______ sex characteristics means that by 13 or so _________ is possible
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primary
reproduction |
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what characteristics differentiate males from females?
What are some of them? |
secondary sex characteristics
body shape breasts voice body hair |
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what influences sexual activity more than physiology?
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culture
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what does the influence of culture on sexuality suggest
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the hazards that sometimes occur are affected as much by practices as by puberty
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various parts of the ______ mature during puberty, each at its own _____
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brain
rate |
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the neurological areas dedicated to _________ mature ahead of those that
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emotional arousal
regulate and rationalize emotional expression |
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because the amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex many adolescents seek intenst
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emotional experiences untempered by rational thought
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what is it called when an adolescent becomes so absorbed in themselves that rational thinking is difficult
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adolescent egocentrism
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what is Piaget's term for the last of his four periods of cognitive development?
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formal operational thought
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Formal operational thought - adolescents are no longer
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earthbound and concrete in their thinking.
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During formal operational thought the adolescent prefers to imagine
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the possible, probable, and even the impossible, instead of focusing on what is real
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During formal operational thought the adolescent develops __________ and explores using _________ ___________
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hypotheses
deductive reasoning |
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adolescents are capable of ______ _______ thinking called
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dual process thinking
logical and experiential or analytic and intuitive |
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Few teenagers always use ________ although they are capable of doing wo
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logic
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________, _______ thinking is quicker and more satisfying and sometimes better than _________ thought
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emotional, intuitive
analytic |
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kids in middle school are characterized by
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boredom
difficulty to teach and hurtful to one another |
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why are there problems in middle school?
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they are not structured to accomodate egocentrism or intuitive thinking
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what increases at the transitions to middle school to high school to college?
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psychopathology
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why does psychopathology increase during early transitions
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because they are also dealing with biological and social changes
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who uses technology more than any other age group?
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adolescents
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what type of emphasis in high school?
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Formal operational thought
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what has led to more high stakes testing
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demand for accountability
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what is a consequence of high-stakes testing
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higher dropout rate
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A hormone is an
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organic chemical substance
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A hormone is an organic chemical substance that is produced by and
conveyed how and to |
one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another
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A hormone's job is to affect some
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physiological function.
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Puberty is associated with
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Hormones
Biological changes |
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Puberty is better is you're more similar to your
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peers
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What plays a role in puberty
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the environment
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Puberty is known as the
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bigger and stronger period
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What happens more during puberty
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risk taking
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During puberty there is a shift from
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parents to peers
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During puberty there is a hypersensitivity to the
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self and self interest
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Psychosocial development
Adolesence |
identity v role confusion
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Puberty too early or too late makes a kid tend toward
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risky behavior
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If puberty is early for girls it makes them more likely to
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date older boys
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Early puberty for girls makes them more ______ because it's an ________
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self-conscious
anomaly |
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During puberty, anything that's _______ is bad
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different
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In general being ______ ______ is bad during puberty
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off time
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Transformation of puberty
Things change |
all of the sudden,
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Eating disorders co-occur with
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drug abuse and anxiety
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Ecological model of eating disorders
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models that look anorexic
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What is wrong with beauty pageants?
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They are off-time
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Development is
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cumulative
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What is positive youth development
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core competencies
positive sense of self self-control decision making skill moral system of belief link to prosocial social group |
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positive sense of self
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must feel good about yourself
know what you're good at and what you're not |
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Self-control - you don't respond
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impulsively
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Don't respond impulsively
Way to learn and what to do |
simon says
count to three before you say something |
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Being problem free does not mean being
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adjusted
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Risk behavior in adolescence
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high frequency and associated with problems
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Protective factor
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buffers you from risk - given that you are at risk
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Example of a protective factor
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daily physical activity reduces risk if you have a genetic disposition
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Given risk, a protective factor
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reduces the likelihood of a bad outcome
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Promotive risk
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anything that helps you develop in a healthy way regardless of risk
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