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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbols
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systems for representing our thoughts, feelings, and knowledge and for communicating them to other people
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Language Comprehension
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understanding what others say
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Language Production
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speaking to others
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Generativity
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refers to the idea that through the use of the finite set of words in our vocabulary, we can put together an infinite number of sentences and express an infinite number of ideas
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Phonemes
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the elementary units of meaningful sound used to produce languages
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Phonological Development
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the acquisition of knowledge about the sound system of a language
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Morphemes
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the smallest unit of meaning in a language, composed of one or more phonemes
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Sematic Development
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the learning of the system for expressing meaning in a language, including word learning
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Syntax
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rules in a language that specify how words from different categories (nouns, adj, verbs) can be combined
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Syntactic Development
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the learning of the syntax of a language
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Pragmatic Development
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the acquisition of knowledge about how language is used
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Metalinguistic Knowledge
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an understanding of the properties and function of language, and understanding of language as language
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Critical Period for Language
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the time during which language develops readily and after which (sometime between 5 and puberty) language acquisition is much more difficult and ultimately less successful
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Infant-Directed Talk (IDT)
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the distinctive mode of speech that adults adopt when talking to babies and very young children
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Prosody
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the characteristics, rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody, intonational patterns, ect with which a language is spoken
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Categorical Perception
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the perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories
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Voice Onset Time (VOT)
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the length of time between when air passes through the lips and when the vocal cords start vibrating
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Distributional Properties
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the phenomenon that in any language, certain sounds are more likely to appear together than others
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Reference
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in language and speech, the association of words and meaning
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Style
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the strategies that young children enlist in beginning to speak
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Referential (analytic) Style
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speech strategy that analyzes the speech stream into individual phonetic elements and words; the first utterances of children who adopt this style tend to use isolated, often monosyllabic words
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Expressive (holistic) Style
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speech strategy that gives more attention to the overall sound of language- its rhythmic and intonational patterns- than to the phonetic elements of which it is composed
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Wait-and-See Style
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speech strategy that typically involves a late start in speaking, but a large vocabulary once speaking begins
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Holophrastic Period
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the period when children begin using the words in their small productive vocabulary one word at a time
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Overextension
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the use of a given word in a broader context then is appropriate
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Fast Mapping
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the process of rapidly learning a new word simply from hearing the contrastive use of a familiar and the unfamiliar word
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Pragmatic Cues
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aspects of the social context used for word learning
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Syntactic Bootstrapping
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the strategy of using the grammatical structure of while sentences to figure out meaning
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Telegraphic Speech
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the term describing children's first sentences that are generally two-word utterances
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Overregularization
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speech errors in which children treat irregular forms of words as if they were regular
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Collective Monologue
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conversation between children that involves a series of non sequiturs, the content of each child's turn having little or nothing to do with what the other children has just said
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Narratives
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descriptions of past events that have the basic structure of a story
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Universal Grammar
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a set of highly abstract, unconscious rules that are common to all languages
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Modularity Hypothesis
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the idea that the human brain contains an innate, self-contained language module that is separate from other aspects of cognitive functioning
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Connectionism
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a type of information-processing approach that emphasizes the simultaneous activity of numerous interconnected processing units
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Dual Representation
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the idea that a symbolic artifact must be represented mentally in 2 ways at the same time- both as a real object and as a symbol for something other than itself
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