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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation
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the processing of basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and brain
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Perception
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the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
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Preferential-Looking Technique
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a method for studying visual attention in infants that involves showing infants 2 patterns or 2 objects at a time to see if the infants have a preference for one over the other
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Visual Activity
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the sharpness of visual discrimination
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Contrast Sensitivity
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the ability to detect differences in light and dark areas in a visual pattern
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Cones
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the light-sensitive neurons that are highly contrasted in the fovea (the central region of the retina)
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Perceptual Constancy
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the perception of objects as being of constant size, shape, color ect. in spite of physical differences in the retinal image of the object
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Object Segregation
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the identification of separate objects in a visual array
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Optical Expansion
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a depth cue in which an object occludes increasingly more of the background, indicating that the object is approaching
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Binocular Disparity
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the difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye that results in 2 slightly different signals being sent to the brain
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Stereopsis
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the process by which the visual cortex combines the differing neural signals caused by binocular disparity, resulting in the perception of depth
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Monocular/Pictorial Cues
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the perceptual cues of depth (such as relative size and interposition) that can be perceived by one eye alone
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Auditory Localization
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perception of the location in space of a sound source
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Intermodal Perception
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the combining of information from 2+ sensory systems
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Reflexes
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innate, fixed pattern of action that occur in response to particular stimulation
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Stepping Reflex
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a neonatal reflex in which an infant lifts one leg and then the other in a coordinated pattern like walking
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Prereaching Movements
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clumsy swiping movements by young infants toward the general vicinity of objects they see
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Self-Location
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the ability to move oneself around in the environment
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Scale Error
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the attempt by a young child to perform an action on a miniature object that is impossible due to the large discrepancy in the relative size of the child and object
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Differentiation
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the extraction fromt he constantly changing stimulation in the environment of those elements that are invariant, or stable
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Affordances
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the possibilities for action offered by objects and situations
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Violation-of-Expectancy
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a procedure used to study infant cognition in which infants are shown an event that should evoke surprise or interest if it violates something the infant knows or assumes to be true
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