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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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focuses on age related changes in behavior
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developmental psych
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a subfield of psych which is the science of behavior and mental processes
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developmental psych
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science that seeks to understand how and why people change, and how they remain the same as they grow older
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human development
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biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial
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3 domains of behavior
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emphasis of the 5 characteristics: multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary and plasticity
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life span perspective
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social, historical,socioeconomical and cultural
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contexts of behavior
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scientific method steps
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1. formulate question
2.develop a hypothesis 3.test 4.draw conclusions 5. make finding available |
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observation, surveys, case studies, correlation
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descriptive research methods
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independent variable, dependent variable, experimental subjects, control subjects, cause and effect
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experimental methods of research
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cross sectional, longitudinal, cross sequential
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age related changes in behavior
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groups of different ages compared at same point in time
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cross sectional
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same group of people studied at intervals over a long period of time
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longitudinal
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cross sequential
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combines cross sectional and longitudinal
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good points and bad points of all methods
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merits and flaws
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systematic set of principles and generalizations that explains development, generates hypotheses and provides a framework for future research
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developmental theories
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comprehensive theories that have inspired and directed thinking about development for decades but no longer seem adequate as they once were
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grand theories
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irrational and unconscious forces originating in early childhood that drive human behavior
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psychoanalytic theory
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theory on which life span development is based
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psychosocial development
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classical conditioning
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learning through association
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who is the founder of classical conditioning
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Pavlov
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learning through reinforcement, law of effect
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operant conditioning
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founder of operant conditioning
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Skinner
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learning through modeling, imitation and observation
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Social Learning
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founder of social learning
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Bandura
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what do Freud, Erikson and Piaget all have in common?
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all have stage theories of development
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theory which holds that human development results from dynamic interaction between developing persons and the surrounding culture
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sociocultural theory
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founder of guided participation and zone of proximal development
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Vygotsky
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emphasizes the interaction of genes and the environment
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epigenetic theory
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specific genetic material that an organism inherits from its parents
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heredity
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gametes
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sperm cell and egg
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chromosomes, dna, genes
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examples of genetic material
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sequence of chemical compounds that is held within DNA
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genetic code
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international effort to map the complete human genetic code
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human genome project
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the single cell formed fomr the fusing of a sperm and an ovum
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zygote
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all the nongenetic factors that affect development form the cellular level to the borader effects of nutrition, medical care, SES, economics etc
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environment
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genotype
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what you have
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what you see
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phenotype
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portrays the persons chromosomes
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karyotype
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color blindness, hemophilia
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sex-linked characteristics
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characteristics produced by interaction of many genes
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polygenic traits
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disorder in which part of the x chromosome is attached to the rest of it by a very slim string of molecules, produces mental deficiency
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fragile X syndrome
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first two weeks of development after conception
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germinal period
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characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation
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germinal period
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3rd through 8th week after conception when all anatomical structures develop
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stage of embryo
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9th week until birth when all the organs grow in size and complexity
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period of the fetus
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becomes the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord
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neural tube
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organ that encases the embryo and connects its circulatory system with that of its mother
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placenta
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allows nourishment to flow to the embryo and wastes to flow away
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placenta
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cephalo-caudal
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head to tail
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proximo-distal
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near to far
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agents and conditions including viruses, drugs, chemicals, stressors and malnutrition
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teratogens
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teratogens that tend to harm the prenatal brain
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behaviorial teratogens
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