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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is anterior neural ridge formed? |
at the junction between most anterior neural tissue and non-neural ectoderm |
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What is required for anterior neural ridge to form? |
AVE |
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What does anterior neural ridge do? |
expresses Fgf8 |
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What is Fgf8 responsible for? |
rostralizing |
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otx2 |
homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the anterior neural plate (from the midbrain/hindbrain border) represses gbx2 |
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gbx2 |
homeodomain transcription factor expressed in posterior neural plate (from the midbrain/hindbrain border) represses otx2 |
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fgf8 |
acts as the "organizer" for the mesencephalon-metencephalon boundary plays role in cerebral cortex identity: expressed in anterior telencephalon suppresses Emx2 |
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Wnt1 engrailed-1 (En1) Fgf8 |
important in the mesencephalon-metencephalon boundary necessary for growth of midbrain and cerebellum |
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current model of midbrain-hindbrain signaling |
Irx1 activates Otx2 and Gbx2 Otx2 and Gbx2 cross inhibit each other, and it is at this point of cross-inhibition that Fgf8 is expressed Fgf8 induces En1 (engrailed-1) in those cells that express both Irx1 and Otx2 |
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rhombomeres |
seven subdivisions of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) numbered from rostral to caudal end each rhombomere gives rise to a unique set of motor neurons that control different muscles in the head default state (without any Hox genes) is rhombomere 1 |
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retinoic acid |
Hox gene regulator low levels of RA = anterior Hox genes high levels of RA = posterior Hox genes synthesized by paraxial mesoderm (nonneural tissue) |
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prosomeres |
six subdivisions of the prosencephalon numbered from caudal to rostral end |
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Shh |
controls ventral identity of neural tube secreted by notochord which induces expression in floor plate controls Nkx2.2, Olig2 and Pax7 expression |
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Nkx2.2 |
expressed most ventrally (at highest Shh concentration) |
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Olig2 |
expressed at intermediate Shh concentration |
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Pax7 |
expressed dorsally at low Shh concentration |
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BMP |
controls dorsal identity of neural tube secreted by non-neural ectoderm which induces expression in roof plate |
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emx1 |
expressed in anterior telencephalon |
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emx2 |
expressed in posterior telencephalon plays role in cerebral cortex identity: opposes Pax 6 |
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Pax6 |
plays role in cerebral cortex identity: expressed rostrally opposes emx2 |
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Pax genes |
key class of transcription factors that are critical for specifying forebrain regional differences have a homeodomain region |
