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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cleft lip |
Occur on its own or w/ cleft palate Problem w/ fusion of soft tissue Unilateral cleft occurs on one side -- not on midline Bilateral cleft occurs in midline More common on upper lip |
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Cleft Palate |
May occur on its own or w/ cleft lip Present at birth -- problem with fusion Varying degrees of cleft palate Posterior -- usually in midline Anterior -- swing to one side Interfere with swallowing, speech, feeding |
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Palatal Obturator |
Acrylic appliance closes off the palate Prevents food from entering nose Continuously made as child grows |
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Bifid Uvula |
Least severe form of cleft palate |
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Commissural Lip Pits |
Found at corners of mouth Depression on the lips Quite common If deep can harbour bacteria -- inflammation Tx: none unless aesthetic concern or inflamed (excise and suture) Improper fusion of md processes |
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Paramedian Lip Pits |
Bilateral depressions on either side of midline Usually associated with cleft lip & palate Tx: none unless aesthetic concern or inflamed (excise and suture) Uncommon |
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Double Lip |
Extra upper labial mucosa Uncommon Linked to Ascher's Syndrome Tx: excise if aesthetic concern |
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Fordyce Granules |
Very common Collection of ectopic (abnormal location) sebaceous glands Yellowish elevations Frequently on buccal mucosa Located superficially underneath epithelium No biopsy, no tx |
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Leukoedema |
Quite common, bilateral More visible in dark-skinned individuals - greater contrast Whitish corrugated surface on buccal mucosa Epithelial cells have extra fluid in cytoplasm (edema) - thicker epithelial layer - white colour Disappears when stretched - less distance b/w BV and surface No biopsy/tx |
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Oral Melanotic Macule |
Flat lesion Increased # of melanocytes producing normal amount of melanin OR normal # of melanocytes producing increased melanin Biopsy b/c melanocytic neoplasms can look like OMM, especially if lesion increasing in size (e.g. melanoma) |
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Microglossia |
Clinical term for small tongue Extremely rare Associated with constricted mandibular arch |
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Macroglossia |
Clinical term for large tongue Various causes |
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Ankyloglossia |
Fusion of tongue to floor of mouth by lingual frenum Decreased mobility of tongue Tension on frenum can cause ulceration Tension on lingual gingiva can cause periodontal problems May have diastema b/w central incisors - laying down dense fibrous CT Tx: frenectomy |
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Lingual Thyroid Nodule |
Enlargement of tongue near cecum foramen from remnants of thyroid tissue - failed to migrate inferiorly during development May be pt's only thyroid tissue - remove and transplant to correct location |
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Fissured Tongue |
Quite common - asymptomatic
Furrowing and cracking on tongue Can harbor bacteria - halitosis Brush dorsal surface of tongue |
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Benign Migratory Glossitis Erythema Migrans Geographic Tongue |
Asymptomatic, may have burning sensation Transient loss of filiform papillae - redness Migration of loss and reestablishment of filiform papillae Red patches due to loss of epithelium - surrounded by white borders Can manage with glucocorticosteroid Occurs frequently with fissured tongue Dorsal or ventral surface of tongue |
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Hairy Tongue |
Accumulation of keratin on filiform papillae Increase in keratin production or decrease in keratin removal Keratin pick up stains from smoking, coffee, tea - gives black, brown, yellow colour Brush tongue lose excessive keratin |
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Oral Varices & Thrombosed Varix |
Same # of veins - dilated in oral cavity Commonly ventral surface of tongue Blood flow slower at dilation - risk of thrombus formation (thrombosed varix) - negative to diascopy |
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Buccal Exostoses |
Outcropping of bone usually posterior regions and bilateral Increased normal bone formation Can trap food or affect denture fabrication (huge undercut) Take alginate impression to monitor growth |
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Torus Palatinus |
Exophytic mass of dense cortical bone on midline of hard palate May require removal for denture patients Radiopaque in radiograph |
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Torus Mandibularis |
Fairly common Usually bilateral Lingual aspect of mandible in canine/premolar region Radiographically appears radiopaque |
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Anodontia |
Complete absence of teeth - no development at all Very rare |
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Hypodontia |
Congenitally missing one or more teeth 3rd molars>2nd premolars>mx lateral A symptom of several syndromes |
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Oligodontia |
Congenitally missing 6 or more teeth |
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Hyperdontia |
Increased # of teeth (supernumerary) Mx: Mesiodens>4th molar>paramolar>premolar Md: Premolar Diastema can be due to supernumerary tooth preventing closure Mesiodens - b/w mx centrals Paramolar - 4th molar on buccal aspect |
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Microdontia |
Very common Commonly mx laterals (peg laterals) and 3rd molars Root may be normal or small as well |
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Macrodontia |
Quite rare |
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Gemination |
Attempt of tooth bud to form 2 teeth Normal # of teeth Enlarged shared root canal |
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Fusion |
During odontogenesis 2 tooth buds fuse and form one tooth 2 separate root canals 1 less tooth than normal |
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Concrescence |
Joining of 2 teeth by cementum 2 tooth buds form 2 teeth but close proximity results in joining of cementum - usually due to hypercementosis |
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Talon Cusp |
Extra cusp on lingual of mx anteriors Mx laterals most common Pulp can be present in the extra cusp Occlusion problems - md incisors contact prematurely Exaggeration of cingulum area |
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Dens Evaginatus |
Extra cusp on posterior teeth Most common on premolars Usually bilateral Can affect occlusion May contain pulp tissue - don't just grind away |
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Dens Invaginatus (Dens in dente) |
A deep surface invagination on the crown
Most common on mx laterals Air filled space/pit Bacteria invasion - decay and pulp infection due to close proximity |
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Enamel Pearl/Cervical Enamel Extension |
Ectopic enamel on the root where cementum should be Pearl - Separate elevation of enamel on root CEE - enamel on root is continuous with enamel of crown Common on md molars in buccal furcation area PDL doesn't attach to enamel - higher furcation involvement |
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Taurodontism |
Enlarged and elongated pulp chamber Furcation is more apical - short roots more prone to fracture Difficult RCT Manifestation of syndromes: Klinefelter or Down's |
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Hypercementosis |
Overproduction of cementum Can lead to concrescence Low grade inflammation (caries, cyst) can stimulate cementoblasts Over erupted tooth - maintain PDL space with cementum Hard to find apex during RCT Harder extraction b/c root is not tapered but bulbous Pts with Paget's disease |
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Dilaceration |
Abnormal bend in crown or usually root Bend in Hertwig's Epithelial Root sheath (soft tissue) then became calcified Difficult extraction - fracture Difficult endo treatment |
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Supernumerary Roots |
Extra HERS coming from enamel organ Difficult extraction, endo |
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Enamel Hypoplasia/hypocalcification |
Hypoplasia - decreased thickness normal hardness Hypocalcification - normal thickness decreased hardness Enamel only affected during development - once developed, events cannot occur |
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Environmental Factors that affect ameloblasts |
Systemic: Syphilis Fluoride Childhood fevers Local: Radiation therapy Turners tooth |
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Fluorosis |
Teeth affected are those undergoing enamel formation at the time of exposure Can pinpoint when individual was exposed based on which teeth are affected |
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Turner's tooth |
Hypoplasia or hypocalcification of a single tooth Trauma to deciduous tooth intrudes into developing permanent tooth - affecting the ameloblasts - affecting enamel |
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Genetic factor/condition/cause |
Amelogenesis Imperfecta Enamel hypoplasia and/or hypocalcification Localized or generalized Soft enamel, loss of tooth structure, decreasing vertical dimension AMELO - ameloblasts - enamel |
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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta/Hereditary Opalescent Dentin |
Hereditary condition affecting dentin Weakness at DEJ - enamel chips off Bulbous crowns, constriction in cervical portion of root, obliterated pulps - pulp vitality test may indicate no vitality Similar findings in osteogenesis imperfecta - involves bone too |
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Dentin Dysplasia type 1 |
More common Normal coronal enamel and dentin Radicular dentin is abnormal Deciduous teeth - little or no detectable pulp and short/absent roots Permanent - short roots with no canals and small remnant of pulp |
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Dentin Dysplasia type 2 |
Deciduous Looks like dentinogenesis imperfecta Blue-brown translucent colour Bulbous crowns Cervical constriction Thin roots Early obliteration of pulp |
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Dentin Dysplasia type 2 |
Permanent tooth: Normal colour clinically Coronal enamel and dentin is normal Dentin in the root is abnormal Enlarged pulp chambers develop pulp stones |
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Regional odontodysplasia (ghost teeth) |
Segment/group of teeth where all components are abnormal - enamel, dentin, cementum Cause: may be vascular problem Radiograph - minimal mineralization, density |
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Impacted teeth |
Commonly 3rd molars and permanent mx canines Extraction of bony impacted molar can cause bone or nerve damage (IA nerve) Soft tissue impaction - trap food and plaque - caries on the 2nd molar |
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Bony Sequestrum |
A fragment of dead bone that has separated from sound bone by necrosis - lost its blood supply |
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Eruption sequestrum |
A bony sequestrum preceding the eruption of a tooth Incomplete bone resorption during eruption |
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Ankylosis of teeth |
Fusion of cementum to bone - no PDL
Halt eruption of tooth Fully erupted tooth - extraction difficult Commonly retained E b/c no permanent successor Occlusal table lowered, over eruption of opposing tooth |
