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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Xenopus leavis
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frog
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Unfertilized egg (3 characteristics)
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Large egg (1-2 mm in diameter), Animal Hemisphere (top), Vegetal Hemisphere (bottom)
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3 Results of cleavage:
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1) Increase in # of cells (blastomeres) 2) Partitioning of cytoplasmic determinants 3) Cells occupy specific locations in the embryos
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Development requires ____ _____________.
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cell proliferation
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MBT
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Midblastula Transition
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5 changes during MBT
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1) Cell cycle length increases 2) begins at 12th (frog) division 3) Cells start to divide asynchronously 4) Cells start to move 5) Zygotic division begins
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Two types of Cleavage Patters:
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1) Holoblastic (complete) 2) Meroblastic (part is yolk)
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3 cell movements
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1) Invagination 2) Involution 3) Epiboly
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Inturning of cell sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer.
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Involution
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The expansion of one cell sheet over the other cells.
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Epiboly
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Infolding of cell sheet into the embryo
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Invagination
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Frog Gastrulation:
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inner layers (deep) = MESO
yolk-filled = ENDO cells move down outside = ECTO |
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_______ are formed in pairs by segmentation of the mesoderm lying either side of the notochord.
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Somites
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Dorsal ________ forms the neural tube
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ectoderm
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Two types of triploblasts:
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Protostomes, Deuterostomes
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Notochord
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A?
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Neural Tube
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B?
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Somite
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C?
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Mesoderm
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D?
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Epidermis
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E?
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Yolky endoderm
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F?
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Archenteron
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G?
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_________, sac of the amniote egg in which waste materials from embryonic metabolism collect
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allantois
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_______, sac of the amniote egg which interacts with the outside environment, selectively allowing materials to reach the embryo
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chorion
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