Developmental Biology Fertilization I - Sperm & Eggs

Front 1

process whereby 2 sex cells (gametes) fuse

Back 1

fertilization

Front 2

4 major events of fertilization:

Back 2

1) contact & recognition 2) prevention of polyspermy 3) genetic information of the gametes fuses 4) development starts

Front 3

enzyme production is a function of the _____ _________

Back 3

golgi apparatus

Front 4

4 features of sperm formation:

Back 4

1) cytoplasm is "jettisoned" 2) mitochondria collect around the base of the flagellum 3) microtubules form the axoneme 4) acrosome derives from golgi apparatus

Front 5

sperm _________ is highly conserved among organisms

Back 5

structure

Front 6

Axoneme structure contains _ _______ & _ central _______ microtubules

Back 6

9 doublet, 2, singlet

Front 7

______ contains ATPases for energy

Back 7

Dynein

Front 8

a genetic syndrome lack of dynein on all ciliated and flagellated cells

Back 8

Kartagener triad

Front 9

Individuals affected with Kartagener triad are susceptible to bronchial infections due to their ________ ___________ _____.

Back 9

immotile respiratory cilia

Front 10

Males affected with Kartagener triad are sterile because their ________ ______.

Back 10

immotile sperms

Front 11

_________ ________ forms a fibrous mat around the Sea Urchin egg, contains eight glycoproteins, and mediates the sperm-egg recognition

Back 11

Vitelline envelope

Front 12

small projections that may help sperm entry into the Sea Urchin egg

Back 12

Microvilli

Front 13

homologous to the sperm acrosome in Sea Urchin egg (i.e. derived from golgi apparatus)

Back 13

Cortical granule

Front 14

external glocoprotein meshwork of Sea Urchin egg, involving attracting or activating sperm

Back 14

Jelly layer

Front 15

the thick extracellular matrix in the Hamster egg

Back 15

Zone pellucida

Front 16

layer of ovarian follicular cells in Hamster egg

Back 16

Cumulus

Front 17

innermost layer of cumulus cells in Hamster egg

Back 17

Corona radiata

Front 18

Cytoplasmic contents of the egg (5)

Back 18

1) proteins 2) ribosomes & tRNA 3) messenger RNA 4) morphogenetic factors 5) protective chemicals

Front 19

5 steps of recognition of egg and sperm:

Back 19

1) the chemoattraction of the sperm to the egg by soluble molecules secreted by the egg 2) the exocytosis of the acrosomal vesibles to release its enzymes 3) the binding of the sperm to the extracellular envelope (vitelline layer or zona pellucida of the egg 4) the passing of the sperm through the xtra cellular envelope 5) fusion of egg and sperm cell membranes

Front 20

Acrosomal reaction of the Sea Urchin

Back 20

external

Front 21

Acrosomal reaction in the Mouse

Back 21

internal (after binding to zona pellucida)

Front 22

chemotactic protein in Arbacia punctulata (Sea Urchin) that serves as an attractant to sperm.

Back 22

Resact a 14-amino acid peptide

Front 23

Species-specific regonition is mediated through ______ in sea urchins

Back 23

bindin

Front 24

An __ ___ ____________ (___) from the mouse zone pellucida binds the acrosomes of the mouse sperms and initiates the acrosomal reaction after sperm have bound to it.

Back 24

83 kDa glycoprotein, ZP3

Front 25

Steps of the ZP3 acrosomal rxn in mammals (5):

Back 25

1) binding of sperm to ZP3 2) [Ca] increase in sperm 3) exocytosis of acrosome 4) inner acrosome bind to ZP2 5) egg cortical granules release their enzymes and one protein that alters the ZP2 which inhibits the other sperm/ZP2 binding