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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rouge Test |
18-24 months able to touch their own nose while looking in the mirror |
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Hat test |
10 months looked up an reached when they looked in the mirror |
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Habituation Study |
Recognize self as familiar looked more at peer video because they recognize video as themselves |
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Self-recognition Knowledge & Contributions |
occurs earlier with cultures that stress autonomy cognitive development is necessary social-emotional security=security of attachment |
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Self definition |
at 2 years of age distinguish self from others I=first pronoun you= second pronoun |
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Eyes |
window to the self eyes closed experimenter could not see them body covered and only eyes showing, child said they were in full view |
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Self esteem trends in children |
self esteem is high in preschoolers declines in elementary school boys higher self esteem as children |
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Self-Esteem in adolescence |
Females high in self esteem have supportive friends Males high in self-esteem have ability to influence friends |
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High Self-Esteem aspects |
Less depression conduct disorders in adolescence |
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Low Self-Esteem |
Worse mental and physical health worse economic prospects in adulthood |
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Securely attached kids and self esteem |
more likely to have high self-esteem highest if secure attachments to both parents |
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Identity Crisis |
During adolescence period of uncertainty about the self and their role in society |
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Identity Diffusion |
Have not thought about or resolved identity issues low self worth neglectful parents delinquency in minority of kids |
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Foreclosure |
Committed to identity but without a crisis of decision controlling parental style |
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Moratorium |
Identity crisis affectionate parental style not a stressful status actively asking questions and seeking answers |
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Identity achievement |
Resolved identity issues by making commitments to goals, beliefs, and values affectionate parenting style |
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morality |
right v wrong pride in good behavior internalize good self standards |
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Oedipal Complex resolution |
Superego ego develops during phallic stage kid identifies with same-sex parents pride shame and guilt are important for moral behavior |
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Morality in toddlers with responsive parents |
motivation to comply with rules sensitivity to parent's emotional signals of right and wrong Beginnings of internalization of pride and shame |
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Morality in toddlers with insensitive parents |
Kids comply due to parental power |
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Piaget Theory of Moral Cognition stages |
Premoral period Heteronomous morality=5-10 years autonomous morality=10+ years |
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Piaget's pre-moral period |
preschool years little concern for, or awareness of, rules |
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Piaget's Heteronomous Morality Period |
5-10 years old Rules cannot be altered actions judged by consequences not intent immanent justice |
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Immanent Justice |
Violations of social rules are automatically punished |
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Piaget's Autonomous Morality Period |
Rules are arbitrary and can be changed Rules can be violated to help others Intent is important to determine right from wrong |
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Kolberg's Preconventional Morality |
Morality motivated by the avoidance of punishments and attainment of rewards |
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Kolberg's Conventional Morality |
Child conforms to the norms of the majority and wishes to preserve social order good boy/girl authority maintaining |
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Kolberg's Postconventional Morality |
Laws are seen as the result of a social contract and individuals principles of conscience |
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Kohlberg's Morality stages |
invariant; everybody goes through them in the same order no stages are skipped stage 3 or 4 most common level |
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Moral Behavior |
Emphasizes rewards and punishment given by adults that shape child's conduct praise of child is important |
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Moral Self-Concept Training |
Teach kids to avoid temptations based on internal attributions i.e. "i am disappointed that you did that because you are such a good boy" |
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Modeling Influences on Moral Behavior |
kids learn from watching others if kid knows another is resisting temptation to violate a rule, kid is more likely to resist temptation as well |
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Altruism |
Concern for welfare of others and willingness to act on that concern with sharing, cooperation, helping and sympathy |
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Developing Empathy and Altruism |
Modeling from parents help kids understand harmful actions on others |
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Reinforcing Altruism |
Verbal reinforcement increases Tangible rewards decreases |
