Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What forms the genital eminence?
|
Mesenchyme
|
|
What does the genital eminence become? How about after that?
|
Becomes genital tubercle. Genital tubercle elongates to form the primordial phallus.
|
|
What surrounds the cloacal membrane from the mesenchyme?
|
Urogenital folds.
|
|
What flanks the urogenital folds?
|
Labioscrotal swellings
|
|
What is the perineal serve as a point of?
|
Point of fusion between urorectal septum and cloacal membrane.
|
|
What genes are needed for forming external genitalia?
|
Hox, BMP-4, FGF-4
|
|
What does the outgrowth of the genital tubercle depend on? (TF)
|
ssh, FGF-8, FGF-10
|
|
What is formation of the male genitalia under the influence of? (Hormones)
|
Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
|
|
What do the urogental folds from in the male?
|
Urethral grooves.
|
|
What covers the urogenital folds?
|
urogenital sinus endoderm.
|
|
What is the penile raphe?
|
Where the fusion of the genital folds occurs.
|
|
What does the penile raphe become?
|
Urethral seam.
|
|
What are the two sources of the urethral seam?
|
Endoderm of urethral plate from phallic portion of urogenital sinus.
|
|
What forms the prepuce?
|
Ingrowth of ectoderm.
|
|
What do the corpora cavernosa and spongiosa develop from?
|
Mesencyme of the phallus.
|
|
What is the scrotal raphe?
|
Fusion line between the labial scrotal swellings.
|
|
What is a hypospadia?
|
Opening of external urethral orifice on ventral surface of the penis.
|
|
What causes hydrospadias?
|
Inadequate production of androgens by testis or inadequate receptor sites for the hormone.
|
|
Where does a penoscrotal hypospadia take place?
|
At the meeting point between the penis and the scrotum.
|
|
Where does a perineal hypospodia take place?
|
Scrotum and length of the penile shaft
|
|
What is the clitorus formed from?
|
Primordial phallus.
|
|
Why does the urethra not become a part of the clitoris?
|
Urogenital folds do not fuse.
|
|
What do the labia minora develop from?
|
Unfused urogenital folds.
|
|
What do the labia majora develop from?
|
Unfused labial scrotal swellings.
|
|
What does the mons pubis develop from?
|
Labialscrotal swellings
|
|
What does the vestibule develop from?
|
Urogenital sinus.
|
|
What is th egubernaculum attached to?
|
Inferior pole of developing gonad and inferior portion of labial scrotal folds.
|
|
What is the processus vaginalus?
|
An evagination of the pertoneum.
|
|
What is the deep inguinal ring formed by?
|
Transversalis fascia.
|
|
What is the superficial inguinal ring formed by?
|
Opening through the external abdominis fasica
|
|
What are the 3 phases of testes development?
|
Initial, transabsominal, transinguinal.
|
|
What is the initial descent of the testes due to?
|
Testosterone.
|
|
What needs to be expressed for transabdominal descent?
|
Insl-3
|
|
What is needed for transinguinal descent?
|
Testosterone and gubernaculum
|
|
What does the cremaster muscle arise from?
|
Internal oblique
|
|
What is a person predisposed to with a persistant process vaginalis?
|
Congenital inguinal hernia
|
|
What part of the processus stays open during a hydrocele of spermatic cord?
|
Middle
|
|
What part of the processus vaginalis stays open during a hydrocele of the testis?
|
Lower
|
|
What forms the hydrocele of spermatic cord?
|
Secretions
|
|
What forms the hydrocele of testis?
|
Fluid from peritoneum
|
|
What is the canal of nuck?
|
Processus vaginalis staying open in a female.
|
|
What are the two things the gubernaculum forms?
|
Round ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus.
|
|
Do true hemaphrodites have Barr bodies?
|
Yes!
|
|
What are the majority of true hemaphrotides? (sex)
|
Female or mixed
|
|
What type of genitalia do true hemaphrodites have?
|
Ambiguous genitalia
|
|
Which type of hermaphrodites lack barr bodies?
|
Male pseudohemaphrodites
|
|
What sort of gonads/genitalia do female psuedohermaphrodites have?
|
Ovaries with ambiguous genitalia.
|
|
What causes female pseudohermaphrodites?
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
|
|
What is a female pseudohermaphrodite characterized by?
|
Enlarged clitoris, fused labia, persistant urogenital sinus and occasionally clitoral urethra.
|
|
What causes male pseudohermaphrodites?
|
Low levels of testosterone and MIS synthesis by fetal testis.
|
|
Do paramesonephric structures persist in male pseudohermaphrodites?
|
YES!
|
|
What is Androgen insensitivity syndrome AKA?
|
Testicular feminization syndrome.
|
|
Do people with AIS have barr bodies?
|
NO!
|
|
What are people with AIS sex wise?
|
Genetically male.
|
|
What characterizes AIS as far as external genitalia?
|
Female external genitalia, vagin ends in blind pouch, no uterus, breasts develop, no menstruation, testis in abdomen and inguinal canal.
|
|
What causes AIS?
|
Defect in androgen receptors in genital tubercle, urogenital and labial scrotal folds.
|
|
What structures do people with AIS lack?
|
Oviducts, uterus and upper vagina due to secretion of MIS
|