Development Of The Pharynx

Front 1

located in cranial part of foregut

Back 1

pharynx

Front 2

This develops into the head and neck structures

Back 2

pharyngeal apparatus (gut)

Front 3

three parts of pharyngeal gut

Back 3

endodermal tube, mesoderm and neural crest cells, ectoderm

Front 4

Endoderm of the pharyngeal gut located where?

Back 4

internally

Front 5

Mesoderm and neural crest cells of pharyngeal gut develop into?

Back 5

mesenchyme

Front 6

Ectoderm of the pharyngeal gut located where?

Back 6

externally

Front 7

What week do pharyngeal pouches, clefts, and arches form?

Back 7

4th week

Front 8

When do pharyngeal arches form during development?

Back 8

4th week

Front 9

When do pharyngeal clefts form?

Back 9

4th week

Front 10

When do pharyngeal pouches form?

Back 10

4th week

Front 11

What forms as 6 pairs of swellings during 4th week of development?

Back 11

pharyngeal arches

Front 12

Which pharyngeal arch degenerates?

Back 12

5th pharyngeal arch

Front 13

external surface grooves between pharyngeal arches during 4th week?

Back 13

pharyngeal clefts

Front 14

pharyngeal clefts develop from what during 4th week?

Back 14

ectoderm

Front 15

between pharyngeal arches w/in the pharyngeal gut?

Back 15

pharyngeal pouches

Front 16

pharyngeal pouches develop from what during 4th week?

Back 16

endoderm

Front 17

skeletal mm. and vascular tissue develop from?

Back 17

mesoderm

Front 18

bones, thymus, and parafollicular cells of thyroid gland develop from?

Back 18

neural crest cells

Front 19

components w/in each pharyngeal arch?

Back 19

a., cartilage, n., m.

Front 20

arteries in pharyngeal arches develop into?

Back 20

aortic arches

Front 21

cartilage in pharyngeal arches develops into?

Back 21

bones and ligaments from neural crest cells

Front 22

nerves in pharyngeal arches develop into?

Back 22

cranial nn.

Front 23

mm. in pharyngeal arches develop into?

Back 23

muscular components from mesoderm that migrate and carry cranial nn. w/ them

Front 24

What arch forms mandibular (Meckel's) cartilage, the anterior ligament of the malleus, the sphenomandibular ligament, the malleus, and the incus bones?

Back 24

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 25

mandibular (Meckel's) cartilage from what arch?

Back 25

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 26

anterior ligament of malleus from what arch?

Back 26

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 27

sphenomandibular ligament from what arch?

Back 27

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 28

malleus bone from what arch?

Back 28

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 29

incus bone from what arch?

Back 29

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 30

mm. of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensory tympani, and tensor veli palatini mm. from what arch?

Back 30

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 31

mm. of mastication from what arch?

Back 31

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 32

temporalis m. from what arch?

Back 32

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 33

masseter m. from what arch?

Back 33

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 34

medial pterygoid m. from what arch?

Back 34

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 35

lateral pterygoid m. from what arch?

Back 35

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 36

mylohyoid m. from what arch?

Back 36

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 37

anterior belly of digastric m. from what arch?

Back 37

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 38

tensor tympani m. from what arch?

Back 38

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 39

tensor veli palatini m. from what arch?

Back 39

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 40

Mandibular division of Trigeminal V3 from what arch?

Back 40

1st pharyngeal arch

Front 41

NOT derived from pharyngeal arches?

Back 41

mandible

Front 42

Reichert's cartilage, stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid bone, superior half of hyoid bone, and stylohyoid ligament derived from what pharyngeal arch?

Back 42

2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 43

Reichert's cartilage from what pharyngeal arch?

Back 43

2nd arch

Front 44

stapes bone from what arch?

Back 44

2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 45

styloid process from what arch?

Back 45

2nd

Front 46

lesser horn of hyoid bone from what arch?

Back 46

2nd

Front 47

superior half of the body of the hyoid bone from what arch?

Back 47

2nd

Front 48

stylohyoid ligament from what arch?

Back 48

2nd

Front 49

mm. of facial expression from what arch?

Back 49

2nd

Front 50

stapedius m. from what arch?

Back 50

2nd

Front 51

stylohyoid m. from what arch?

Back 51

2nd

Front 52

posterior belly of digastric m. from what arch?

Back 52

2nd

Front 53

platysma m. from what arch?

Back 53

2nd

Front 54

orbicularis oris m from what arch?

Back 54

2nd

Front 55

orbicularis oculi m. from what arch?

Back 55

2nd

Front 56

Facial CN VII from what arch?

Back 56

2nd

Front 57

greater horn of hyoid bone from what arch?

Back 57

3rd

Front 58

inferior half of the body of the hyoid bone from what arch?

Back 58

3rd

Front 59

stylopharyngeus m. from what arch?

Back 59

3rd

Front 60

Glossopharyngeal CN IX from what arch?

Back 60

3rd

Front 61

vocal folds located where in development?

Back 61

between 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

Front 62

laryngeal cartilages from what arch?

Back 62

4th arch

Front 63

superior thyroid cartilage from what arch?

Back 63

4th

Front 64

constrictors of pharynx from what arch?

Back 64

4th

Front 65

levator veli palatini mm. from what arch?

Back 65

4th

Front 66

cricothyroid m. from what arch?

Back 66

4th

Front 67

Vagus CN X and superior laryngeal n. from what arch?

Back 67

4th

Front 68

pharyngeal plexus of Vagus CN X innervates?

Back 68

superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor, levator veli palatini, cricothyroid mm.

Front 69

Innervation: cricothyroid m.

Back 69

external branch of superior laryngeal n. (Vagus CN X)

Front 70

inferior thyroid cartilage from what arch?

Back 70

6th

Front 71

cricoid cartilage from what arch?

Back 71

6th

Front 72

intrinsic mm. of larynx from what arch?

Back 72

6th

Front 73

Vagus CN X (recurrent laryngeal n.) from what arch?

Back 73

6th

Front 74

Innervation: intrinsic mm. of larynx

Back 74

recurrent laryngeal nn. (Vagus CN X)

Front 75

external acoustic meatus formed from 1st pharyngeal cleft by what week of development?

Back 75

7th week

Front 76

what cleft deepens and gives rise to external acoustic meatus

Back 76

1st pharyngeal cleft

Front 77

what is formed from the outgrowth of the 2nd pharyngeal arch over the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches to enclose the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal clefts?

Back 77

cervical sinus

Front 78

When does the cervical sinus obliterate by?

Back 78

7th week of development

Front 79

what deepens and widens to form the tympanic cavity in the middle ear?

Back 79

lateral portion of 1st pharyngeal pouch

Front 80

When does the tympanic cavity from the 1st pharyngeal pouch form by?

Back 80

7th week of development

Front 81

what remains narrow and becomes the auditory (Eustachian) tube (pharyngotympanic tube)?

Back 81

medial portion of 1st pharyngeal pouch

Front 82

When does the Eustachian tube from the 1st pharyngeal pouch form by?

Back 82

7th week of development

Front 83

endodermal lining of this pouch proliferates and incorporates w/ the adjacent mesenchyme to form the palatine tonsils?

Back 83

2nd pharyngeal pouch

Front 84

When do the palatine tonsils from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch form by?

Back 84

7th week of development

Front 85

becomes inferior parathyroid gland

Back 85

dorsal portion of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Front 86

When do the inferior thyroid glands from the 3rd pharyngeal pouches develop by?

Back 86

7th week of development

Front 87

becomes thymus

Back 87

ventral portion of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Front 88

When does the thymus from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?

Back 88

7th week of development

Front 89

5th pharyngeal pouch will contribute to which pouch?

Back 89

4th ventral pharyngeal pouch

Front 90

becomes superior parathyroid gland

Back 90

dorsal portion of 4th pharyngeal pouch

Front 91

becomes ultimobranchial body

Back 91

ventral portion of 4th pharyngeal pouch

Front 92

ultimobranchial body from 4th pharyngeal pouch develops by what week of development?

Back 92

7th week of development

Front 93

migrates caudally to thyroid gland to give rise to the parafollicular cells that are distributed throughout the thyroid

Back 93

ultimobranchial body

Front 94

When do the superior parathyroid glands from 4th pharyngeal pouch develop by?

Back 94

7th week of development

Front 95

formed from two distal tongue buds and a median tongue bud

Back 95

anterior 2/3 tongue

Front 96

two distal tongue buds form from?

Back 96

lateral lingual swellings

Front 97

median tongue bud forms from?

Back 97

tuberculum impar

Front 98

distal tongue buds and median tongue bud from which pharyngeal arch?

Back 98

1st

Front 99

the proliferation of what outgrows the median tongue bud in forming the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 99

distal tongue buds

Front 100

What fuses together in forming the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 100

dorsal tongue buds

Front 101

general sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Back 101

Mandibular V3

Front 102

What develops when the 3rd pharyngeal arch outgrows the 2nd arch?

Back 102

posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 103

general sensory innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue?

Back 103

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 104

What forms extreme posterior part of the tongue and the epiglottis?

Back 104

4th pharyngeal arch

Front 105

general sensory innervation to extreme posterior part of the tongue and epiglottis?

Back 105

Vagus CN X

Front 106

derived from median endodermal lining on the floor of the pharynx

Back 106

thyroid gland

Front 107

thyroid tissue migrates caudally and maintains connection w/ the pharynx via what during development?

Back 107

thyroglossal duct

Front 108

thyroid develops into two lobes connected by?

Back 108

isthmus

Front 109

thyroglossal duct located during development?

Back 109

between 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch

Front 110

thyroid diverticulum develops into?

Back 110

thyroglossal duct

Front 111

thyroglossal duct becomes?

Back 111

foramen cecum

Front 112

final position is anterior to trachea

Back 112

thyroid gland

Front 113

What happens to the thyroglossal duct after development?

Back 113

degenerates

Front 114

original opening of thyroglossal duct persists as?

Back 114

foramen cecum of the tongue

Front 115

spherical cyst along anterior border of SCM m.

Back 115

branchial cyst

Front 116

caused by failure of cervical sinus to degenerate

Back 116

branchial cyst

Front 117

this results in an increase in size due to fluid and cellular debris and must be surgically removed

Back 117

branchial cyst

Front 118

open tract from pharynx to lateral surface of neck

Back 118

branchial fistula

Front 119

caused by a rupture between the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and the 2nd pharyngeal pouch during development

Back 119

branchial fistula

Front 120

this results in a discharge of saliva and infection in the neck and must be surgically repaired

Back 120

branchial fistula

Front 121

this is commonly found at the division of the internal carotid and external carotid aa.

Back 121

branchial fistula

Front 122

cyst forming anywhere along the thyroglossal duct

Back 122

thyroglossal duct cyst

Front 123

caused by failure of thyroglossal duct to degenerate

Back 123

thyroglossal duct cyst

Front 124

causes swelling along the midline of the neck and infection and can be treated by surgical removal

Back 124

thyroglossal duct cyst

Front 125

this commonly occurs near the hyoid bone

Back 125

thyroglossal duct cyst

Front 126

caused by insufficient migration of neural crest cells

Back 126

First Arch syndrome

Front 127

neural crest cells fail completely to migrate and result in an underdeveloped jaw, downward sloping eyes, and malformed ears-a genetic component as well

Back 127

Treacher-Collins syndrome (First Arch syndrome)

Front 128

results in underdeveloped mandible, cleft palate, and glossoptosis

Back 128

Pierre-Robin syndrome (First Arch syndrome)

Front 129

posterior placement of the tongue

Back 129

glossoptosis

Front 130

thymic aplasia and/or absence of parathyroid glands

Back 130

DiGeorge syndrome

Front 131

caused by failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches to differentiate into thymus and parathyroid glands

Back 131

DiGeorge syndrome

Front 132

causes immunologic problems, hypocalcemia, micrognathia, and cardiovascular defects i.e. persistent truncus arteriosus

Back 132

DiGeorge syndrome

Front 133

smallness of the jaw, esp. the mandible

Back 133

micrognathia