Development Of The Face And Palate

Front 1

The ear canal is called
the _____ ____.

Back 1

auditory tube

Front 2

____ ____ is six small hillocks
of tissue grouped around the
external ear canal.

Back 2

Auricular hillocks

Front 3

_________ develop from the
right/left maxillary processes.

Back 3

Cheeks

Front 4

Of the 6 auricular hillocks ___
are from ____ arch and ____
are from ____ arch.

Back 4

3, mandibular
3, hyoid

Front 5

A lack of contact or fusion of the medial nasal and maxillary processes results in either ________ or _______ cleft lip.

Back 5

unilateral, bilateral

Front 6

____ ____ is tissue on the surface of the tongue at the junction of the body and base from which cells arise and migrate ventrally in the throat, creating the thyroid gland.

Back 6

foramen cecum

Front 7

What is another term used for
frontal process?

Back 7

forehead

Front 8

Covering of the brain from
which develops the forhead.

Back 8

frontal process

Front 9

____ ___ is the frontal area
after the ___ week of prenatal
development.

Back 9

Frontonasal process, fifth

Front 10

The hyoid is the ____ pharyngeal
or branchial arch in the development of the face and neck.

Back 10

second

Front 11

The distance between the nostrils is the _____ area and represents the width of the face.

Back 11

internasal

Front 12

The tissue lateral to each
nasal pit is the _____ ____
_______.

Back 12

lateral nasal process

Front 13

_____ _____ _____ develop from the maxillary tissues laterally and grow to the midline to form the palate.

Back 13

Lateral palatine processes

Front 14

Tonsillar tissue on the floor
of the mouth.

Back 14

lingual tonsils

Front 15

Lateral to the oral pit are the right/left maxillary processes, from which develop the cheeks, and below the oral pit is the mandibular arch from which forms the _____ _____.

Back 15

lower jaw

Front 16

The ______ ______ is in first pharyngeal or branchial arch.

Back 16

mandibular arch

Front 17

Processes that are lateral to the oral pit, from which develop cheeks.

Back 17

maxillary processes

Front 18

The area of the nose in the embryo and tissue medial to the naris or nasal pits.

Back 18

medial nasal process

Front 19

___ __ is a zone of epithelial contact of the medial nasal and maxillary processes during
sixth week development.

Back 19

nasal fin

Front 20

The duct extending from the lacrimal gland of the eye to the internal nasal mucosa.

Back 20

nasolacrimal duct

Front 21

The musculature encircling
the mouth is the ____ ____ , which provides support to the upper lip.

Back 21

orbicularis oris

Front 22

What is an oblique groove extending from the nostrils to the eyes called?

Back 22

oronasal optic groove

Front 23

____ ___ ____is the process during the eighth prenatal week by which the posterior shelves push together, forcing the tongue forward and down causing the palatal shelves to slide over the tongue.

Back 23

Palatal shelf elevation

Front 24

Two large oval masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx and bilaterally located between the pillars of the fauces.

Back 24

palatine tonsils

Front 25

A collection of more or less closely aggrevated lymphoid cells located superficially in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, the hypertrophy of which results in the condition called adenoids.

Back 25

pharyngeal tonsils

Front 26

A final growth surge resulting in contact of palatal shelves in the midline.

Back 26

palatine shelf closure or fusion

Front 27

The ________ is a vertical groove in the midline of the upper lip.

Back 27

philtrum

Front 28

What is the primary palate?

Back 28

That part of the palate formed from the median nasal process. The first palate to form is anterior to the secondary palate.

Front 29

V-shaped groove seperating the surface of the body and base of the tongue is the _____ _____.

Back 29

terminal sulcus

Front 30

A swelling of the thyroglossal duct due to the presence of infection or a salivary stone.

Back 30

thyroglossal cyst

Front 31

An epithelial cord by which the thyroid gland remains attached to the tongue while descending to the front of the trachea; later becomes solid and eventually disappears.

Back 31

thyroglossal duct

Front 32

A swelling that has an opening on the surface of the neck.

Back 32

thryoglossal fistula

Front 33

Central tissue of the tongue eventually overgrown by the two lateral tissues.

Back 33

tuberculum impar

Front 34

These develop on each side of tuberculum impar.

Back 34

two lateral lingual swellings

Front 35

During the fourth week of gestation, what all develops?

Back 35

-oral pit (stomodeum) is surrounded by several masses of tissue
-pharyngeal arches are evident below the pit and on both sides of the neck
-the frontal processes of the brain bulge forward and laterally to dominate the facial area
-below the frontal processes are two small wedge shaped tissues (maxillary processes) that the lie lateral to oral pit
-beneath the maxillary processes is the mandibular arch (mandible)
-the heart lies below the face and is one of the fastest growing organs
-the heart begins to pump blood throughout the body

Front 36

During the fifth week of gestation, what all develops?

Back 36

-the bilateral nasal placodes, or thickened areas of epithelium, appear in the upper border of lip
-they develop into nostrils as the tissues around these placodes grow, resulting in two slits opening into the oral pit
-the frontal area becomes known as the frontonasal process
-the nostrils deepen as the tissues around them continue to grow anteriorly, and the internal area, the distance between the nostrils, represents the width of the face
-gradually the frontal prominence deminishes and the face broadens
-the eyes become prominent on the sides of the head
-the mandibular arch loses its midline constriction

Front 37

Development of face happens in weeks ____-____ of gestation.

Back 37

4, 7

Front 38

Development of palate happens in week ____ of gestation.

Back 38

8

Front 39

_______ eventually articulates with temporal bone.

Back 39

mandible

Front 40

During the sixth week of gestation , what all develops?

Back 40

-lateral parts of the face expand, broadening the face
*also caused by the lateral
growth of the brain
-eyes/maxillary processes, which were located on the sides of the face in the fifth week, come to the front of the face
-mouth slit widens to the point at which the maxillary and mandibular tissues merge
-nasal processes are limited to the middle of upper lip, which causes face to appear more human
-upper lip is now composed of a medial nasal process and two lateral maxillary segments
-the medial nasal process is called the philtrum
-a ridge of tissue surrounds each nasal pit
-the tissue lateral to the pits is the lateral nasal process, and the tissue medial to the pits is the medial nasal process

Front 41

During the sixth week of gestation, what else develops?

Back 41

-medial nasal process is in close contact with the medial aspect of the maxillary process, and the lateral nasal process is above the maxillary process
-border of the lip consists of two maxillary processes, and the medial third is the medial nasal
-nasal fin is penetrated by connective tissue growth, which binds together the two maxillary and medial nasal parts of the lip
-orbicularis oris muscle grows around the oral pit to provide support to the upper lip
-nasal pits continue behind the nasal fin to open into the roof of the mouth
-nasolacrimal duct develops
-a modification of the first pharyngeal groove into the ear canal or auditory tube also appears below the corners of the mouth
-six small hillocks are grouped around the external ear canal

Front 42

During the seventh week of gestation, what develops?

Back 42

-face has a more human appearance
-eyes approach the front of the face, and the nose represents less of the face than it did at the fourth week
-lateral growth of the brain, resulting in facial expansion, causes the eyes to appear on the front of the face, which makes it more recognizable as a human face
-a third of the face has been added lateral to each nostril
-eyes are on the same horizontal plane as the nostrils, which will change after the bridge of the nose develops and lengthens
-the upper lip has fused, producing a medially located philtrum
-mouth is limited in size with the change in facial proportions
ear hillocks have fused and grown to form the ears (auricles)
-ridges around the eyes will soon develop into eyelids
-the danger of a cleft lip has passed
-in just three prenatal weeks, seperate tissue masses have enlarged, fused, and merged into a recognizable human face

Front 43

Palatal devolpment occurs during weeks ______ -______.

Back 43

7,9

Front 44

The _____ is the tissue that seperates the oral and nasal cavities.

Back 44

palate

Front 45

In weeks 7-9
The palate, although ______, is supported by _____, which provides rigidity.

Back 45

thin, bone

Front 46

The palate develops from an ____
wedge-shaped medial part and ___lateral palatine processes.

Back 46

anterior, two

Front 47

True/False
The medial part of palate is also known as the primary palate because it develops first and is a floor to the nasal pits.

Back 47

True

Front 48

The ______ ______ ______ develop from the maxillary tissues laterally and grow to the midline.

Back 48

lateral palatine processes

Front 49

_____ _____ grow more medially, they contact the tongue, which grew upward into the nasal cavity during the seventh week

Back 49

Palatine shelves

Front 50

When the palatine shelves contact the tongue, they grow ______ on either side of the tongue.

Back 50

downward

Front 51

Medial and Lateral Palatal Processes & Palatal Shelf Elevation and Closure occur during weeks ____-_____.

Back 51

7,9

Front 52

True/False
Palatine shelves grow less medially contacting the tongue which grow upward into nasal cavity during week 7.

Back 52

False, grow more medially

Front 53

During the ______ prenatal week, the posterior shelves push together, forcing the tongue forward and down.

Back 53

eighth

Front 54

The process _____ ____ _____
is presumed to take place rapidly, about as fast as the act of swallowing.

Back 54

palatal shelf elevation

Front 55

As soon as the palatine shelves reach the resulting horizontal position, the tongue _______ and
______upward against the shelves, which helps mold them together.

Back 55

broadens, pushes

Front 56

Palatine shelf closure...........

Back 56

*first occurs at site of contact (just posterior to medial palatine process)
*shelves merge anteriorly and posteriorly
*final step is self-destruction of midline epithelial barrier through enzymatic process (later replaced by CT)

Front 57

As soon as the epithelial cells begin to break down and disappear, ______ ______ grows through the midline and completes the fusion of the palate.

Back 57

connective tissue

Front 58

Tongue development occurs during weeks _____-_____.

Back 58

7, 9

Front 59

The tongue originates from the muscles of the _______ myotomes.

Back 59

occipiatal

Front 60

True/False
Tongue development is joined together with muscles originating from branchial arch 1 and branchial arch 2.

Back 60

True

Front 61

The tongue is innervated by the ___, ___, ___, and ____ cranial nerves.

Back 61

fifth, seventh, ninth, tenth

Front 62

The first pharyngeal arch tissue forms the _____ (_____) ___ __ __ _____.

Back 62

anterior (movable) body of
the tongue

Front 63

Tissues of the tongue have three parts, the central _____ _____ and the two _____ _____ _____.

Back 63

tuberculin impar, lateral
lingual swellings

Front 64

The terminal sulcus seperates surface of _____ and _____ of
tongue.

Back 64

body, base

Front 65

Posterior to the terminal sulcus, the base of the tongue forms the
______ ______ on the dorsal surface.

Back 65

ligual tonsil

Front 66

The lingual tonsil forms part of the ring of tonsils(______ ____)
in the pharynx along with the ____ and _____ tonsils.

Back 66

Waldeyer's ring, palatine,pharyngeal

Front 67

The thyroid gland develops as an epithelial proliferation from the ____ ____ on the surface of the tongue at the junction of the body and base.

Back 67

formamen cecum

Front 68

True/False
Cells arise and migrate ventrally in the throat, thus creating the thyroid gland.

Back 68

True

Front 69

By the seventh week, the thyroid descends to the front of the trachea . During this long migration , the thyroid gland remains attached to the tongue by an epithelial cord or duct termed the _____ _____, which later becomes solid and eventually disappears.

Back 69

thyroglossal duct

Front 70

_____ and _____ are along the route of descent of the thyroid tissue.

Back 70

cyst, fistula

Front 71

The thyroglossal cyst appears as a swelling and is commonly found in the area of the ____ bone.

Back 71

hyoid

Front 72

By the end of the third month of prenatal life, the _____ _____ becomes functional.

Back 72

thyroid gland

Front 73

Causes of facial and palatal lefts are:

Back 73

-environmental factors
-genetic factors
-combonation of both

Front 74

_____ ___ is the most common facial malformation.

Back 74

Cleft lip

Front 75

Cleft lip factors are:

Back 75

-genetic factors play a role
*whites-1/700 US births
*Cleft lip
*white males>>white females
*Cleft lip and palate
*white females>white males
*African-Americans-1/2000 births
*Asians-3/2000 US births
*Asians with one child have 25% chance of having defect in second child
-Cleft palate is less common than cleft lip or cleft lip and palate

Front 76

Facial cleft factors are:

Back 76

-classified by position and extent
*unilateral cleft
*complete cleft-involves communication into the oral cavity
*incomplete cleft-does not involve nostril opening into oral cavity

Front 77

Facial clefts:

Back 77

-Harelip
-Mandibular cleft
*due to non-disappearance of constriction of mandible during week 4
*Rare occurrence